package picard.util;

import htsjdk.samtools.SAMException;
import htsjdk.samtools.SAMFileHeader;
import htsjdk.samtools.SAMProgramRecord;
import htsjdk.samtools.util.CollectionUtil;
import htsjdk.samtools.util.IOUtil;
import htsjdk.samtools.util.Interval;
import htsjdk.samtools.util.IntervalList;
import htsjdk.samtools.util.Log;
import htsjdk.variant.vcf.VCFFileReader;
import picard.PicardException;
import picard.cmdline.CommandLineParser;
import picard.cmdline.CommandLineProgram;
import picard.cmdline.CommandLineProgramProperties;
import picard.cmdline.Option;
import picard.cmdline.programgroups.Intervals;
import picard.cmdline.StandardOptionDefinitions;

import java.io.File;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Little class to aid working with interval lists.
 *
 * @author Tim Fennell
 */
@CommandLineProgramProperties(
        usage = IntervalListTools.USAGE_SUMMARY + IntervalListTools.USAGE_DETAILS,
        usageShort = IntervalListTools.USAGE_SUMMARY,
        programGroup = Intervals.class
)
public class IntervalListTools extends CommandLineProgram {
    static final String USAGE_SUMMARY = "Manipulates interval lists.  ";
    static final String USAGE_DETAILS = "This tool offers multiple interval list file manipulation capabilities include sorting, " +
            "merging, subtracting, padding, customizing, and other set-theoretic operations. If given one or more inputs, the default " +
            "operation is to merge and sort them.  Other options e.g. interval subtraction are controlled by the arguments. The tool " +
            "lists intervals with respect to a reference sequence." +
            "<br /><br />" +
            "Both interval_list and VCF files are accepted as input. The interval_list file format is relatively simple" +
            " and reflects the SAM alignment format to a degree.  A SAM style header must be present in the file that " +
            "lists the sequence records against which the intervals are described.  After the header, the file then" +
            " contains records, one per line in text format with the following" +
            " values tab-separated: " +
            "<pre>" +
            "     -Sequence name (SN) <br />" +
            "     -Start position (1-based)** <br />" +
            "     -End position (1-based, end inclusive) <br />" +
            "     -Strand (either + or -) <br />" +
            "     -Interval name (ideally unique names for intervals)" +
            "</pre>" +
            "The coordinate system of interval_list files is such that the first base or position in a sequence is position \"1\"." +
            "<h4>Usage example:</h4>" +
            "<pre>" +
            "java -jar picard.jar IntervalListTools \\<br />" +
            "      I=input.interval_list \\<br />" +
            "      SI=input_2.interval_list \\<br />" +
            "      O=new.interval_list" +
            "</pre>" +
            "<hr />";
    @Option(shortName = StandardOptionDefinitions.INPUT_SHORT_NAME,
            doc = "One or more interval lists. If multiple interval lists are provided the output is the" +
                    "result of merging the inputs. Supported formats are interval_list and VCF.", minElements = 1)
    public List<File> INPUT;

    @Option(doc = "The output interval list file to write (if SCATTER_COUNT is 1) or the directory into which " +
            "to write the scattered interval sub-directories (if SCATTER_COUNT > 1)", shortName = StandardOptionDefinitions.OUTPUT_SHORT_NAME, optional = true)
    public File OUTPUT;

    @Option(doc = "The amount to pad each end of the intervals by before other operations are undertaken. Negative numbers are allowed " +
            "and indicate intervals should be shrunk. Resulting intervals < 0 bases long will be removed. Padding is applied to the interval lists <b> before </b> the ACTION is performed.", optional = true)
    public int PADDING = 0;

    @Option(doc = "If true, merge overlapping and adjacent intervals to create a list of unique intervals. Implies SORT=true")
    public boolean UNIQUE = false;

    @Option(doc = "If true, sort the resulting interval list by coordinate.")
    public boolean SORT = true;

    @Option(doc = "Action to take on inputs.")
    public Action ACTION = Action.CONCAT;

    @Option(shortName = "SI", doc = "Second set of intervals for SUBTRACT and DIFFERENCE operations.", optional = true)
    public List<File> SECOND_INPUT;

    @Option(doc = "One or more lines of comment to add to the header of the output file.", optional = true)
    public List<String> COMMENT = null;

    @Option(doc = "The number of files into which to scatter the resulting list by locus; in some situations, fewer intervals may be emitted.  " +
            "Note - if > 1, the resultant scattered intervals will be sorted and uniqued.  The sort will be inverted if the INVERT flag is set.")
    public int SCATTER_COUNT = 1;

    @Option(doc = "Whether to include filtered variants in the vcf when generating an interval list from vcf", optional = true)
    public boolean INCLUDE_FILTERED=false;

    @Option(shortName = "BRK", doc = "If set to a positive value will create a new interval list with the original intervals broken up at integer multiples of this value.  Set to 0 to NOT break up intervals", optional = true)
    public int BREAK_BANDS_AT_MULTIPLES_OF = 0;

    @Option(shortName = "M", doc = "Do not subdivide ")
    public IntervalListScatterer.Mode SUBDIVISION_MODE = IntervalListScatterer.Mode.INTERVAL_SUBDIVISION;

    @Option(doc = "Produce the inverse list", optional = true)
    public boolean INVERT = false;

    private static final Log LOG = Log.getInstance(IntervalListTools.class);

    public enum Action implements CommandLineParser.ClpEnum {

        CONCAT("The concatenation of all the INPUTs, no sorting or merging of overlapping/abutting intervals implied. Will result in an unsorted list unless requested otherwise.") {
            @Override
            IntervalList act(final List<IntervalList> list, final List<IntervalList> unused) {
                if (!unused.isEmpty())
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Second List found when action was %s. Ignoring second list.", this.name()));
                return IntervalList.concatenate(list);
            }
        },
        UNION("Like CONCATENATE but with UNIQUE and SORT implied, the result being the set-wise union of all INPUTS.") {
            @Override
            IntervalList act(final List<IntervalList> list, final List<IntervalList> unused) {
                if (!unused.isEmpty())
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Second List found when action was %s. Ignoring second list.", this.name()));
                return IntervalList.union(list);
            }
        },
        INTERSECT("The sorted, uniqued set of all loci that are contained in all of the INPUTs.") {
            @Override
            IntervalList act(final List<IntervalList> list, final List<IntervalList> unused) {
                if (!unused.isEmpty())
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Second List found when action was %s. Ignoring second list.", this.name()));
                return IntervalList.intersection(list);
            }
        },
        SUBTRACT("Subtracts SECOND_INPUT from INPUT. The resulting loci are there in INPUT that are not in SECOND_INPUT") {
            @Override
            IntervalList act(final List<IntervalList> list1, final List<IntervalList> list2) {
                return IntervalList.subtract(list1, list2);

            }
        },
        SYMDIFF("Find loci that are in INPUT or SECOND_INPUT but are not in both.") {
            @Override
            IntervalList act(final List<IntervalList> list1, final List<IntervalList> list2) {
                return IntervalList.difference(list1, list2);
            }
        };

        String helpdoc;

        Action(final String helpdoc) {
            this.helpdoc = helpdoc;
        }

        @Override
        public String getHelpDoc() {
            return helpdoc;
        }

        abstract IntervalList act(final List<IntervalList> list1, final List<IntervalList> list2);

    }

    // Stock main method
    public static void main(final String[] args) {
        new IntervalListTools().instanceMainWithExit(args);
    }

    @Override
    protected int doWork() {
        // Check inputs
        for (final File f : INPUT) IOUtil.assertFileIsReadable(f);
        for (final File f : SECOND_INPUT) IOUtil.assertFileIsReadable(f);

        if (OUTPUT != null) {
            if (SCATTER_COUNT == 1) {
                IOUtil.assertFileIsWritable(OUTPUT);
            } else {
                IOUtil.assertDirectoryIsWritable(OUTPUT);
            }
        }

        // Read in the interval lists and apply any padding
        final List<IntervalList> lists = openIntervalLists(INPUT);

        // same for the second list
        final List<IntervalList> secondLists = openIntervalLists(SECOND_INPUT);

        if (UNIQUE && !SORT) {
            LOG.warn("UNIQUE=true requires sorting but SORT=false was specified.  Results will be sorted!");
        }

        final IntervalList result = ACTION.act(lists, secondLists);

        if (SCATTER_COUNT > 1) {
            // Scattering requires a uniqued, sorted interval list.  We want to do this up front (before BREAKING AT BANDS)
            SORT = true;
            UNIQUE = true;
        }

        if (INVERT) {
            SORT = false; // no need to sort, since return will be sorted by definition.
            UNIQUE = true;
        }

        final IntervalList possiblySortedResult = SORT ? result.sorted() : result;
        final IntervalList possiblyInvertedResult = INVERT ? IntervalList.invert(possiblySortedResult) : possiblySortedResult;

        //only get unique if this has been asked unless inverting (since the invert will return a unique list)
        List<Interval> finalIntervals = UNIQUE ? possiblyInvertedResult.uniqued().getIntervals() : possiblyInvertedResult.getIntervals();

        if (BREAK_BANDS_AT_MULTIPLES_OF > 0) {
            finalIntervals = IntervalList.breakIntervalsAtBandMultiples(finalIntervals, BREAK_BANDS_AT_MULTIPLES_OF);
        }

        // Decide on a PG ID and make a program group
        final SAMFileHeader header = result.getHeader();
        final Set<String> pgs = new HashSet<String>();
        for (final SAMProgramRecord pg : header.getProgramRecords()) pgs.add(pg.getId());
        for (int i = 1; i < Integer.MAX_VALUE; ++i) {
            if (!pgs.contains(String.valueOf(i))) {
                final SAMProgramRecord pg = new SAMProgramRecord(String.valueOf(i));
                pg.setCommandLine(getCommandLine());
                pg.setProgramName(getClass().getSimpleName());
                header.addProgramRecord(pg);
                break;
            }
        }

        // Add any comments
        if (COMMENT != null) {
            for (final String comment : COMMENT) {
                header.addComment(comment);
            }
        }

        final IntervalList output = new IntervalList(header);
        for (final Interval i : finalIntervals) {
            output.add(i);
        }

        final List<IntervalList> resultIntervals;
        if (OUTPUT != null) {
            if (SCATTER_COUNT == 1) {
                output.write(OUTPUT);
                resultIntervals = Arrays.asList(output);
            } else {
                final List<IntervalList> scattered = writeScatterIntervals(output);
                LOG.info(String.format("Wrote %s scatter subdirectories to %s.", scattered.size(), OUTPUT));
                if (scattered.size() != SCATTER_COUNT) {
                    LOG.warn(String.format(
                            "Requested scatter width of %s, but only emitted %s.  (This may be an expected consequence of running in %s mode.)",
                            SCATTER_COUNT,
                            scattered.size(),
                            SUBDIVISION_MODE
                    ));
                }
                resultIntervals = scattered;
            }
        } else {
            resultIntervals = Arrays.asList(output);
        }

        long totalUniqueBaseCount = 0;
        long intervalCount = 0;
        for (final IntervalList finalInterval : resultIntervals) {
            totalUniqueBaseCount += finalInterval.getUniqueBaseCount();
            intervalCount += finalInterval.size();    
        }

        LOG.info("Produced " + intervalCount + " intervals totalling " + totalUniqueBaseCount + " unique bases.");
        
        return 0;
    }


    private List<IntervalList> openIntervalLists(final List<File> files){
        final List<IntervalList> lists = new ArrayList<IntervalList>();
        for (final File f : files) {
            lists.add(TYPE.getIntervalList(f, INCLUDE_FILTERED).padded(PADDING));
        }
        return lists;
    }

    @Override
    protected String[] customCommandLineValidation() {
        final List<String> errorMsgs = new ArrayList<String>();
        if (SCATTER_COUNT < 1) {
            errorMsgs.add("SCATTER_COUNT must be greater than 0.");
        }
        if (BREAK_BANDS_AT_MULTIPLES_OF < 0) {
            errorMsgs.add("BREAK_BANDS_AT_MULTIPLES_OF must be greater than or equal to 0.");
        }
        return errorMsgs.isEmpty() ? null : errorMsgs.toArray(new String[errorMsgs.size()]);
    }

    /**
     * Method to scatter an interval list by locus.
     *
     * @param list The list of intervals to scatter
     * @return The scattered intervals, represented as a {@link List} of {@link IntervalList}
     */
    private List<IntervalList> writeScatterIntervals(final IntervalList list) {
        final IntervalListScatterer scatterer = new IntervalListScatterer(SUBDIVISION_MODE);
        final List<IntervalList> scattered = scatterer.scatter(list, SCATTER_COUNT, UNIQUE);

        final DecimalFormat fileNameFormatter = new DecimalFormat("0000");
        int fileIndex = 1;
        for (final IntervalList intervals : scattered) {
            intervals.write(createDirectoryAndGetScatterFile(OUTPUT, scattered.size(), fileNameFormatter.format(fileIndex++)));
        }

        return scattered;
    }

    public static File getScatteredFileName(final File scatterDirectory, final long scatterTotal, final String formattedIndex) {
        return new File(scatterDirectory.getAbsolutePath() + "/temp_" + formattedIndex + "_of_" +
                scatterTotal + "/scattered" + IntervalList.INTERVAL_LIST_FILE_EXTENSION);

    }

    private static File createDirectoryAndGetScatterFile(final File outputDirectory, final long scatterCount, final String formattedIndex) {
        createDirectoryOrFail(outputDirectory);
        final File result = getScatteredFileName(outputDirectory, scatterCount, formattedIndex);
        createDirectoryOrFail(result.getParentFile());
        return result;
    }

    private static void createDirectoryOrFail(final File directory) {
        if (!directory.exists() && !directory.mkdir()) {
            throw new PicardException("Unable to create directory: " + directory.getAbsolutePath());
        }
    }

    enum TYPE {
        VCF(IOUtil.VCF_EXTENSIONS) {
            @Override
            protected IntervalList getIntervalListInternal(final File vcf, final boolean includeFiltered) {
                return VCFFileReader.fromVcf(vcf, includeFiltered);
            }
        },
        INTERVAL_LIST(IOUtil.INTERVAL_LIST_FILE_EXTENSION) {
            @Override
            protected IntervalList getIntervalListInternal(final File intervalList, final boolean includeFiltered) {
                return IntervalList.fromFile(intervalList);
            }
        };

        final Collection<String> applicableExtensions;

        TYPE(final String... s) {
            applicableExtensions = CollectionUtil.makeSet(s);
        }

        TYPE(final Collection<String> extensions) {
            applicableExtensions = extensions;
        }

        abstract protected IntervalList getIntervalListInternal(final File file, final boolean includeFiltered);

        static TYPE forFile(final File intervalListExtractable) {
            for (final TYPE type : TYPE.values()) {
                for (final String s : type.applicableExtensions) {
                    if (intervalListExtractable.getName().endsWith(s)) {
                        return type;
                    }
                }
            }
            throw new SAMException("Cannot figure out type of file " + intervalListExtractable.getAbsolutePath() + " from extension. Current implementation understands the following types: " + Arrays.toString(TYPE.values()));
        }

        static public IntervalList getIntervalList(final  File file, final boolean includeFiltered){
            return forFile(file).getIntervalListInternal(file, includeFiltered);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return super.toString() + ": " + applicableExtensions.toString();
        }
    }

}
