# This file contains a unit cell for building graphene and nanotubes
#
#
#  The 2AtomCellAlignX "molecule" defined below is a minimal unit cell for any
# hexagonal tesselation in 2-dimensions.  (See "graphene_unit_cell.jpg")
# Surfaces constructed with this unit cell can be flat or curved into tubes.
# The distance between nearest-neighbor carbon atoms (ie the length of a 
# carbon-carbon bond) is equal to "d" which I set to 1.42 Angstroms.
#
#    d = length of each hexagon's side  = 1.42 Angstroms
#    L = length of each hexagon = 2*d   = 2.84 Angstroms
#    W =  width of each hexagon = 2*d*sqrt(3)/2 = 2.4595121467478056 Angstroms
#    w =  width of hexagon rows = 1.5*d = 2.13 Angstroms
#
# Consequently, the Lattice-cell vectors for singe-layer graphene are:
#   (2.4595121467478,    0,     0)      (aligned with X axis)
#   (1.2297560733739,  2.13,    0)      (2.13 = 1.5*d)
# So, to build a sheet of graphite, you could use:
#   sheet = new Graphene/2AtomCellAlignX [10].move(2.4595121467478,0,0)
#                                        [10].move(1.2297560733739,2.13,0)




Graphene {

  2AtomCellAlignX
  {
    # atomID   molID     atomType charge       x               y       z
    write("Data Atoms") {
      $atom:C1  $mol:...  @atom:../C   0.0  -0.61487803668695 -0.355  0.0
      $atom:C2  $mol:...  @atom:../C   0.0   0.61487803668695  0.355  0.0
    }
  }

  # Now define properties of the Carbon graphene atom

  write_once("In Init") {
    # If all of the graphene carbon atoms have zero charge, try this:
    pair_style hybrid  lj/cut  10.0

    # If some of the boundary atoms have non-zero (partial) charge, try these:
    #pair_style hybrid  lj/charmm/coul/charmm  9.0 10.0
    #pair_style hybrid  lj/charmm/coul/long    9.0 10.0
  }

  write_once("Data Masses") {
    @atom:C  12.0
  }

  write_once("In Settings") {
    # If all graphene carbon atoms have zero charge, try this:
    pair_coeff  @atom:C @atom:C  lj/cut                  0.068443     3.407

    #              i       j                              epsilon     sigma
    # If some of the boundary atoms have non-zero (partial) charge, try these:
    #pair_coeff  @atom:C @atom:C  lj/charmm/coul/charmm  0.068443     3.407
    #pair_coeff  @atom:C @atom:C  lj/charmm/coul/long    0.068443     3.407

    # These Lennard-Jones parameters come from
    #  R. Saito, R. Matsuo, T. Kimura, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus,
    #  Chem Phys Lett, 348:187 (2001)
    # LAMMPS provides more realistic manybody force fields for graphene.
    # But in this example, we immobilize the atoms so it does not matter.)

    # Define a group consisting of only carbon atoms in graphene molecules
    group Cgraphene type @atom:C
  }

  # Notice that the two atoms in the unit-cell above lie in the XY plane.
  # (Their z-coordinate is zero).  It's also useful to have a version of 
  # this object which lies in the XZ plan.  So we define this below:

  2AtomCellAlignXZ = 2AtomCellAlignX.rot(90,1,0,0)

} # Graphene










# ------------   Graphite  -----------
#
# Note: For graphite: sheets stacked in the Z direction are separated by a
#       distance of 3.35 Angstroms, and shifted in an alternating +/-Y direction
#       by a distance of d (1.42 Angstroms).  To add additional graphene layers
#       you could use:
#   sheet2 = new Graphene/2AtomCellAlignX [10].move(2.4595121467478,0,0)
#                                         [10].move(1.2297560733739,2.13,0)
#   sheet2[*][*].move(0,  1.42, 3.35)
#   sheet3 = new Graphene/2AtomCellAlignX [10].move(2.4595121467478,0,0)
#                                         [10].move(1.2297560733739,2.13,0)
#   sheet3[*][*].move(0, -1.42, 6.70)
#   etc...
#       However, to build a thick sheet of graphite, it would 
#       be more efficient to use a 4-atom unit cell:
#
#Graphene {
#  GraphiteCell {
#    # atomID   molID     atomType charge       x               y       z
#    write("Data Atoms") {
#      $atom:C1  $mol:...  @atom:../C   0.0  -0.61487803668695 -0.355  0.0
#      $atom:C2  $mol:...  @atom:../C   0.0   0.61487803668695  0.355  0.0
#      $atom:C3  $mol:...  @atom:../C   0.0  -0.61487803668695  1.065  3.35
#      $atom:C4  $mol:...  @atom:../C   0.0   0.61487803668695  1.775  3.35
#    }
#  } # GraphiteCell
#}
#
# Then you could create a thick sheet of graphite this way:
#
#   graphite = new Graphene/GraphiteCell [10].move(2.4595121467478,0,0)
#                                        [10].move(1.2297560733739,2.13,0)
#                                        [5].move(0,0,6.70)
