/*

   Derby - Class org.apache.derby.impl.sql.compile.TernaryOperatorNode

   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.

 */

package	org.apache.derby.impl.sql.compile;

import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.error.StandardException;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.reference.ClassName;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.reference.SQLState;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.services.classfile.VMOpcode;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.services.compiler.LocalField;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.services.compiler.MethodBuilder;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.services.context.ContextManager;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.services.io.StoredFormatIds;
import org.apache.derby.shared.common.sanity.SanityManager;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.sql.compile.TypeCompiler;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.sql.compile.Visitor;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.types.DataTypeDescriptor;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.types.TypeId;
import org.apache.derby.iapi.util.JBitSet;

/**
 * A TernaryOperatorNode represents a built-in ternary operators.
 * This covers  built-in functions like {@code substr()}.
 * Java operators are not represented here: the JSQL language allows Java
 * methods to be called from expressions, but not Java operators.
 *
 */

class TernaryOperatorNode extends OperatorNode
{

    // Allowed kinds
    final static int K_TRIM = 0;
    final static int K_LOCATE = 1;
    final static int K_SUBSTRING = 2;
    final static int K_LIKE = 3;
    final static int K_TIMESTAMPADD = 4;
    final static int K_TIMESTAMPDIFF = 5;

    /**
     * This class is used to hold logically different objects for
     * space efficiency. {@code kind} represents the logical object
     * type. See also {@link ValueNode#isSameNodeKind}.
     */
    final int kind;


	String		operator;
	String		methodName;
	ValueNode	receiver; 

	ValueNode	leftOperand;
	ValueNode	rightOperand;

	String		resultInterfaceType;
	String		receiverInterfaceType;
	String		leftInterfaceType;
	String		rightInterfaceType;
	int			trimType;

	static final String[] TernaryOperators = {"trim", "LOCATE", "substring", "like", "TIMESTAMPADD", "TIMESTAMPDIFF"};
	static final String[] TernaryMethodNames = {"ansiTrim", "locate", "substring", "like", "timestampAdd", "timestampDiff"};
	static final String[] TernaryResultType = {ClassName.StringDataValue, 
			ClassName.NumberDataValue,
			ClassName.ConcatableDataValue,
			ClassName.BooleanDataValue,
            ClassName.DateTimeDataValue, 
			ClassName.NumberDataValue};
	static final String[][] TernaryArgType = {
	{ClassName.StringDataValue, ClassName.StringDataValue, "java.lang.Integer"},
	{ClassName.StringDataValue, ClassName.StringDataValue, ClassName.NumberDataValue},
	{ClassName.ConcatableDataValue, ClassName.NumberDataValue, ClassName.NumberDataValue},
	{ClassName.DataValueDescriptor, ClassName.DataValueDescriptor, ClassName.DataValueDescriptor},
    {ClassName.DateTimeDataValue, "java.lang.Integer", ClassName.NumberDataValue}, // time.timestampadd( interval, count)
    {ClassName.DateTimeDataValue, "java.lang.Integer", ClassName.DateTimeDataValue}// time2.timestampDiff( interval, time1)
	};

	/**
     * Constructor for a TernaryOperatorNode
	 *
     * @param receiver      The receiver (e.g., string being operated on in
     *                      {@code substr()})
	 * @param leftOperand	The left operand of the node
	 * @param rightOperand	The right operand of the node
     * @param kind          The kind of the operand
     * @param cm            The context manager
     */
    TernaryOperatorNode(
                    ValueNode receiver,
                    ValueNode leftOperand,
                    ValueNode rightOperand,
                    int kind,
                    ContextManager cm)
    {
        super(cm);
        this.kind = kind;
        constructorMinion(
                receiver, leftOperand, rightOperand, -1);
    }

    /**
     * Constructor for a TernaryOperatorNode
     *
     * @param receiver      The receiver (e.g., string being operated on in
     *                      {@code substr()})
     * @param leftOperand   The left operand of the node
     * @param rightOperand  The right operand of the node
     * @param kind          The kind of the operand
     * @param trimType      The trim type
     * @param cm            The context manager
     */
    TernaryOperatorNode(ValueNode receiver,
                        ValueNode leftOperand,
                        ValueNode rightOperand,
                        int kind,
                        int trimType,
                        ContextManager cm)
    {
        super(cm);
        this.kind = kind;
        constructorMinion(
                receiver, leftOperand, rightOperand, trimType);
    }

    private void constructorMinion(ValueNode receiver,
                                   ValueNode leftOperand,
                                   ValueNode rightOperand,
                                   int trimType) {
        this.receiver = receiver;
        this.leftOperand = leftOperand;
        this.rightOperand = rightOperand;
        this.operator = TernaryOperators[this.kind];
        this.methodName = TernaryMethodNames[this.kind];
        this.resultInterfaceType = TernaryResultType[this.kind];
        this.receiverInterfaceType = TernaryArgType[this.kind][0];
        this.leftInterfaceType = TernaryArgType[this.kind][1];
        this.rightInterfaceType = TernaryArgType[this.kind][2];

        if (trimType != -1) {
            this.trimType = trimType;
        }
    }

	/**
	 * Convert this object to a String.  See comments in QueryTreeNode.java
	 * for how this should be done for tree printing.
	 *
	 * @return	This object as a String
	 */

    @Override
	public String toString()
	{
		if (SanityManager.DEBUG)
		{
			return "operator: " + operator + "\n" +
				"methodName: " + methodName + "\n" + 
				"resultInterfaceType: " + resultInterfaceType + "\n" + 
				"receiverInterfaceType: " + receiverInterfaceType + "\n" + 
				"leftInterfaceType: " + leftInterfaceType + "\n" + 
				"rightInterfaceType: " + rightInterfaceType + "\n" + 
				super.toString();
		}
		else
		{
			return "";
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Prints the sub-nodes of this object.  See QueryTreeNode.java for
	 * how tree printing is supposed to work.
	 *
	 * @param depth		The depth of this node in the tree
	 */
    @Override
    void printSubNodes(int depth)
	{
		if (SanityManager.DEBUG)
		{
			super.printSubNodes(depth);

			if (receiver != null)
			{
				printLabel(depth, "receiver: ");
				receiver.treePrint(depth + 1);
			}

			if (leftOperand != null)
			{
				printLabel(depth, "leftOperand: ");
				leftOperand.treePrint(depth + 1);
			}

			if (rightOperand != null)
			{
				printLabel(depth, "rightOperand: ");
				rightOperand.treePrint(depth + 1);
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Bind this expression.  This means binding the sub-expressions,
	 * as well as figuring out what the return type is for this expression.
	 *
	 * @param fromList		The FROM list for the query this
	 *				expression is in, for binding columns.
	 * @param subqueryList		The subquery list being built as we find SubqueryNodes
     * @param aggregates        The aggregate list being built as we find AggregateNodes
	 *
	 * @return	The new top of the expression tree.
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */
    @Override
    ValueNode bindExpression(FromList fromList, SubqueryList subqueryList, List<AggregateNode> aggregates)
			throws StandardException
	{
		receiver = receiver.bindExpression(fromList, subqueryList, 
            aggregates);

		leftOperand = leftOperand.bindExpression(fromList, subqueryList,
                aggregates);

		if (rightOperand != null)
		{
			rightOperand = rightOperand.bindExpression(fromList, subqueryList, 
                aggregates);
		}

        if (kind == K_TRIM) {
			trimBind();
        } else if (kind == K_LOCATE) {
			locateBind();
        } else if (kind == K_SUBSTRING) {
			substrBind();
        } else if (kind == K_TIMESTAMPADD) {
            timestampAddBind();
        } else if (kind == K_TIMESTAMPDIFF) {
            timestampDiffBind();
        }

		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Preprocess an expression tree.  We do a number of transformations
	 * here (including subqueries, IN lists, LIKE and BETWEEN) plus
	 * subquery flattening.
	 * NOTE: This is done before the outer ResultSetNode is preprocessed.
	 *
	 * @param	numTables			Number of tables in the DML Statement
	 * @param	outerFromList		FromList from outer query block
	 * @param	outerSubqueryList	SubqueryList from outer query block
	 * @param	outerPredicateList	PredicateList from outer query block
	 *
	 * @return		The modified expression
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */
    @Override
    ValueNode preprocess(int numTables,
								FromList outerFromList,
								SubqueryList outerSubqueryList,
								PredicateList outerPredicateList) 
					throws StandardException
	{
		receiver = receiver.preprocess(numTables,
											 outerFromList, outerSubqueryList,
											 outerPredicateList);

		leftOperand = leftOperand.preprocess(numTables,
											 outerFromList, outerSubqueryList,
											 outerPredicateList);
		if (rightOperand != null)
		{
			rightOperand = rightOperand.preprocess(numTables,
												   outerFromList, outerSubqueryList,
												   outerPredicateList);
		}
		return this;
	}
	/**
	 * Do code generation for this ternary operator.
	 *
	 * @param acb	The ExpressionClassBuilder for the class we're generating
	 * @param mb	The method the expression will go into
	 *
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */
    @Override
    void generateExpression(ExpressionClassBuilder acb, MethodBuilder mb)
		throws StandardException
	{
		int nargs = 0;
		String receiverType = null;

		/* Allocate an object for re-use to hold the result of the operator */
		LocalField field = acb.newFieldDeclaration(Modifier.PRIVATE, resultInterfaceType);

		receiver.generateExpression(acb, mb);
        if (kind == K_TRIM)
		{
			mb.push(trimType);
			leftOperand.generateExpression(acb, mb);
			mb.cast(leftInterfaceType);

			mb.getField(field);
			nargs = 3;
			receiverType = receiverInterfaceType;
		}
        else if (kind == K_LOCATE)
		{
			leftOperand.generateExpression(acb, mb); 
			mb.upCast(leftInterfaceType);
			rightOperand.generateExpression(acb, mb);
			mb.upCast(rightInterfaceType);
			mb.getField(field);
			nargs = 3;
		
		}
        else if (kind == K_SUBSTRING)
		{
			leftOperand.generateExpression(acb, mb); 
			mb.upCast(leftInterfaceType);
			if (rightOperand != null)
			{
				rightOperand.generateExpression(acb, mb);
				mb.upCast(rightInterfaceType);
			}
			else
			{
				mb.pushNull(rightInterfaceType);
			}

			mb.getField(field); // third arg
			mb.push(receiver.getTypeServices().getMaximumWidth());
			nargs = 4;
			receiverType = receiverInterfaceType;
		}
        else if (kind == K_TIMESTAMPADD || kind == K_TIMESTAMPDIFF)
        {
            Object intervalType = leftOperand.getConstantValueAsObject();
            if( SanityManager.DEBUG)
                SanityManager.ASSERT( intervalType != null && intervalType instanceof Integer,
                                      "Invalid interval type used for " + operator);
            mb.push( ((Integer) intervalType).intValue());
            rightOperand.generateExpression( acb, mb);
            mb.upCast(TernaryArgType[kind][2]);
            acb.getCurrentDateExpression( mb);
			mb.getField(field);
			nargs = 4;
			receiverType = receiverInterfaceType;
        }
            
		mb.callMethod(VMOpcode.INVOKEINTERFACE, receiverType, methodName, resultInterfaceType, nargs);

		/*
		** Store the result of the method call in the field, so we can re-use
		** the object.
		*/
		mb.putField(field);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the leftOperand to the specified ValueNode
	 *
	 * @param newLeftOperand	The new leftOperand
	 */
    void setLeftOperand(ValueNode newLeftOperand)
	{
		leftOperand = newLeftOperand;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the leftOperand
	 *
	 * @return The current leftOperand.
	 */
    ValueNode getLeftOperand()
	{
		return leftOperand;
	}

	/**
	 * Set the rightOperand to the specified ValueNode
	 *
	 * @param newRightOperand	The new rightOperand
	 */
    void setRightOperand(ValueNode newRightOperand)
	{
		rightOperand = newRightOperand;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the rightOperand
	 *
	 * @return The current rightOperand.
	 */
    ValueNode getRightOperand()
	{
		return rightOperand;
	}

	/**
	 * Categorize this predicate.  Initially, this means
	 * building a bit map of the referenced tables for each predicate.
	 * If the source of this ColumnReference (at the next underlying level) 
	 * is not a ColumnReference or a VirtualColumnNode then this predicate
	 * will not be pushed down.
	 *
	 * For example, in:
	 *		select * from (select 1 from s) a (x) where x = 1
	 * we will not push down x = 1.
	 * NOTE: It would be easy to handle the case of a constant, but if the
	 * inner SELECT returns an arbitrary expression, then we would have to copy
	 * that tree into the pushed predicate, and that tree could contain
	 * subqueries and method calls.
	 * RESOLVE - revisit this issue once we have views.
	 *
	 * @param referencedTabs	JBitSet with bit map of referenced FromTables
	 * @param simplePredsOnly	Whether or not to consider method
	 *							calls, field references and conditional nodes
	 *							when building bit map
	 *
	 * @return boolean		Whether or not source.expression is a ColumnReference
	 *						or a VirtualColumnNode.
	 * @exception StandardException			Thrown on error
	 */
    @Override
    boolean categorize(JBitSet referencedTabs, boolean simplePredsOnly)
		throws StandardException
	{
		boolean pushable;
		pushable = receiver.categorize(referencedTabs, simplePredsOnly);
		pushable = (leftOperand.categorize(referencedTabs, simplePredsOnly) && pushable);
		if (rightOperand != null)
		{
			pushable = (rightOperand.categorize(referencedTabs, simplePredsOnly) && pushable);
		}
		return pushable;
	}

	/**
	 * Remap all ColumnReferences in this tree to be clones of the
	 * underlying expression.
	 *
	 * @return ValueNode			The remapped expression tree.
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException			Thrown on error
	 */
    @Override
    ValueNode remapColumnReferencesToExpressions()
		throws StandardException
	{
		receiver = receiver.remapColumnReferencesToExpressions();
		leftOperand = leftOperand.remapColumnReferencesToExpressions();
		if (rightOperand != null)
		{
			rightOperand = rightOperand.remapColumnReferencesToExpressions();
		}
		return this;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether or not this expression tree represents a constant expression.
	 *
	 * @return	Whether or not this expression tree represents a constant expression.
	 */
    @Override
    boolean isConstantExpression()
	{
		return (receiver.isConstantExpression() &&
				leftOperand.isConstantExpression() &&
				(rightOperand == null || rightOperand.isConstantExpression()));
	}

	/** @see ValueNode#constantExpression */
    @Override
    boolean constantExpression(PredicateList whereClause)
	{
		return (receiver.constantExpression(whereClause) &&
				leftOperand.constantExpression(whereClause) &&
				(rightOperand == null ||
					rightOperand.constantExpression(whereClause)));
	}

	/**
	 * Accept the visitor for all visitable children of this node.
	 * 
	 * @param v the visitor
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException on error
	 */
    @Override
	void acceptChildren(Visitor v)
		throws StandardException
	{
		super.acceptChildren(v);

		if (receiver != null)
		{
			receiver = (ValueNode)receiver.accept(v);
		}

		if (leftOperand != null)
		{
			leftOperand = (ValueNode)leftOperand.accept(v);
		}

		if (rightOperand != null)
		{
			rightOperand = (ValueNode)rightOperand.accept(v);
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Bind trim expression. 
	 * The variable receiver is the string that needs to be trimmed.
	 * The variable leftOperand is the character that needs to be trimmed from
	 *     receiver.
	 *     
	 * @return	The new top of the expression tree.
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */

	private ValueNode trimBind() 
			throws StandardException
	{
		TypeId	receiverType;
		TypeId	resultType = TypeId.getBuiltInTypeId(Types.VARCHAR);

		// handle parameters here

		/* Is there a ? parameter for the receiver? */
		if (receiver.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			/*
			** According to the SQL standard, if trim has a ? receiver,
			** its type is varchar with the implementation-defined maximum length
			** for a varchar.
			*/
	
			receiver.setType(getVarcharDescriptor());
            //check if this parameter can pick up it's collation from the 
			//character that will be used for trimming. If not(meaning the
			//character to be trimmed is also a parameter), then it will take 
			//it's collation from the compilation schema.
            if (!leftOperand.requiresTypeFromContext()) {
                receiver.setCollationInfo(leftOperand.getTypeServices());
            } else {
    			receiver.setCollationUsingCompilationSchema();            	
            }
		}

		/* Is there a ? parameter on the left? */
		if (leftOperand.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			/* Set the left operand type to varchar. */
			leftOperand.setType(getVarcharDescriptor());
			//collation of ? operand should be picked up from the context.
            //By the time we come here, receiver will have correct collation
            //set on it and hence we can rely on it to get correct collation
            //for the ? for the character that needs to be used for trimming.
            leftOperand.setCollationInfo(receiver.getTypeServices());           	
		}

		bindToBuiltIn();

		/*
		** Check the type of the receiver - this function is allowed only on
		** string value types.  
		*/
		receiverType = receiver.getTypeId();
		if (receiverType.userType())
			throwBadType("trim", receiverType.getSQLTypeName());

		receiver = castArgToString(receiver);

		if (receiverType.getTypeFormatId() == StoredFormatIds.CLOB_TYPE_ID) {
		// special case for CLOBs: if we start with a CLOB, we have to get
		// a CLOB as a result (as opposed to a VARCHAR), because we can have a 
		// CLOB that is beyond the max length of VARCHAR (ex. "clob(100k)").
		// This is okay because CLOBs, like VARCHARs, allow variable-length
		// values (which is a must for the trim to actually work).
			resultType = receiverType;
		}

		/*
		** Check the type of the leftOperand (trimSet).
		** The leftOperand should be a string value type.  
		*/
		TypeId	leftCTI;
		leftCTI = leftOperand.getTypeId();
		if (leftCTI.userType())
			throwBadType("trim", leftCTI.getSQLTypeName());

		leftOperand = castArgToString(leftOperand);

		/*
		** The result type of trim is varchar.
		*/
		setResultType(resultType);
		//Result of TRIM should pick up the collation of the character string
		//that is getting trimmed (which is variable receiver) because it has
		//correct collation set on it.
        setCollationInfo(receiver.getTypeServices());

		return this;
	}
	/*
	** set result type for operator
	*/
	private void setResultType(TypeId resultType) throws StandardException
	{
		setType(new DataTypeDescriptor(
						resultType,
						true,
						receiver.getTypeServices().getMaximumWidth()
					)
				);
	}
	/**
	 * Bind locate operator
	 * The variable receiver is the string which will searched
	 * The variable leftOperand is the search character that will looked in the
	 *     receiver variable.
	 *
	 * @return	The new top of the expression tree.
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */

    ValueNode locateBind() throws StandardException
	{
		TypeId	firstOperandType, secondOperandType, offsetType;

		/*
		 * Is there a ? parameter for the first arg.  Copy the 
		 * left/firstOperand's.  If the left/firstOperand are both parameters,
		 * both will be max length.
		 */
		if( receiver.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			if( leftOperand.requiresTypeFromContext())
			{
				receiver.setType(getVarcharDescriptor());
	            //Since both receiver and leftOperands are parameters, use the
				//collation of compilation schema for receiver.
				receiver.setCollationUsingCompilationSchema();            	
			}
			else
			{
				if( leftOperand.getTypeId().isStringTypeId() )
				{
					//Since the leftOperand is not a parameter, receiver will
					//get it's collation from leftOperand through following
					//setType method
					receiver.setType(
							         leftOperand.getTypeServices());
				}
			}
		}
							                            
		/*
		 * Is there a ? parameter for the second arg.  Copy the receiver's.
		 * If the receiver are both parameters, both will be max length.
		 */
		if(leftOperand.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			if(receiver.requiresTypeFromContext())
			{
				leftOperand.setType(getVarcharDescriptor());
			}
			else
			{
				if( receiver.getTypeId().isStringTypeId() )
				{
					leftOperand.setType(
							         receiver.getTypeServices());
				}
			}
			//collation of ? operand should be picked up from the context.
            //By the time we come here, receiver will have correct collation
            //set on it and hence we can rely on it to get correct collation
            //for this ? 
            leftOperand.setCollationInfo(receiver.getTypeServices());          	
		}

		/*
		 * Is there a ? parameter for the third arg.  It will be an int.
		 */
		if( rightOperand.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			rightOperand.setType(
				new DataTypeDescriptor(TypeId.INTEGER_ID, true)); 
		}

		bindToBuiltIn();

		/*
		** Check the type of the operand - this function is allowed only
		** for: receiver = CHAR
		**      firstOperand = CHAR
		**      secondOperand = INT
		*/
		secondOperandType = leftOperand.getTypeId();
		offsetType = rightOperand.getTypeId();
		firstOperandType = receiver.getTypeId();

		if (!firstOperandType.isStringTypeId() ||
			!secondOperandType.isStringTypeId() || 
			offsetType.getJDBCTypeId() != Types.INTEGER)
			throw StandardException.newException(SQLState.LANG_DB2_FUNCTION_INCOMPATIBLE,
					"LOCATE", "FUNCTION");

		/*
		** The result type of a LocateFunctionNode is an integer.
		*/
		setType(new DataTypeDescriptor(TypeId.INTEGER_ID, 
				receiver.getTypeServices().isNullable())); 

		return this;
	}

	/* cast arg to a varchar */
	protected ValueNode castArgToString(ValueNode vn) throws StandardException
	{
		TypeCompiler vnTC = vn.getTypeCompiler();
		if (! vn.getTypeId().isStringTypeId())
		{
			DataTypeDescriptor dtd = DataTypeDescriptor.getBuiltInDataTypeDescriptor(Types.VARCHAR, true,
	                vnTC.getCastToCharWidth(
		                    vn.getTypeServices()));

            ValueNode newNode = new CastNode(vn, dtd, getContextManager());
            
            // DERBY-2910 - Match current schema collation for implicit cast as we do for
            // explicit casts per SQL Spec 6.12 (10)                                                
            newNode.setCollationUsingCompilationSchema();
            
			((CastNode) newNode).bindCastNodeOnly();
			return newNode;
		}
		return vn;
	}

	/**
	 * Bind substr expression.  
	 *
	 * @return	The new top of the expression tree.
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */

    ValueNode substrBind()
			throws StandardException
	{
		TypeId	receiverType;
		TypeId	resultType = TypeId.getBuiltInTypeId(Types.VARCHAR);

		// handle parameters here

		/* Is there a ? parameter for the receiver? */
		if (receiver.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			/*
			** According to the SQL standard, if substr has a ? receiver,
			** its type is varchar with the implementation-defined maximum length
			** for a varchar.
			*/
	
			receiver.setType(getVarcharDescriptor());
			//collation of ? operand should be same as the compilation schema 
			//because that is the only context available for us to pick up the
			//collation. There are no other character operands to SUBSTR method
			//to pick up the collation from.
			receiver.setCollationUsingCompilationSchema();
		}

		/* Is there a ? parameter on the left? */
		if (leftOperand.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			/* Set the left operand type to int. */
			leftOperand.setType(							
				new DataTypeDescriptor(TypeId.INTEGER_ID, true)); 
		}

		/* Is there a ? parameter on the right? */
		if ((rightOperand != null) && rightOperand.requiresTypeFromContext())
		{
			/* Set the right operand type to int. */
			rightOperand.setType(							
				new DataTypeDescriptor(TypeId.INTEGER_ID, true)); 
		}

		bindToBuiltIn();

		if (!leftOperand.getTypeId().isNumericTypeId() ||
			(rightOperand != null && !rightOperand.getTypeId().isNumericTypeId()))
			throw StandardException.newException(SQLState.LANG_DB2_FUNCTION_INCOMPATIBLE, "SUBSTR", "FUNCTION");

		/*
		** Check the type of the receiver - this function is allowed only on
		** string value types.  
		*/
		receiverType = receiver.getTypeId();
		switch (receiverType.getJDBCTypeId())
		{
			case Types.CHAR:
			case Types.VARCHAR:
			case Types.LONGVARCHAR:
			case Types.CLOB:
				break;
			default:
			{
				throwBadType("SUBSTR", receiverType.getSQLTypeName());
			}
		}
		if (receiverType.getTypeFormatId() == StoredFormatIds.CLOB_TYPE_ID) {
		// special case for CLOBs: if we start with a CLOB, we have to get
		// a CLOB as a result (as opposed to a VARCHAR), because we can have a 
		// CLOB that is beyond the max length of VARCHAR (ex. "clob(100k)").
		// This is okay because CLOBs, like VARCHARs, allow variable-length
		// values (which is a must for the substr to actually work).
			resultType = receiverType;
		}

		// Determine the maximum length of the result
		int resultLen = receiver.getTypeServices().getMaximumWidth();

		if (rightOperand != null && rightOperand instanceof ConstantNode)
		{
			if (((ConstantNode)rightOperand).getValue().getInt() < resultLen)
				resultLen = ((ConstantNode)rightOperand).getValue().getInt();
		}

		/*
		** The result type of substr is a string type
		*/
		setType(new DataTypeDescriptor(
						resultType,
						true,
						resultLen
					));
		//Result of SUSBSTR should pick up the collation of the 1st argument
		//to SUBSTR. The 1st argument to SUBSTR is represented by the variable
		//receiver in this class.
        setCollationInfo(receiver.getTypeServices());
		return this;
	}


	/**
	 * Bind TIMESTAMPADD expression.  
	 *
	 * @return	The new top of the expression tree.
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */

 	private ValueNode timestampAddBind() 
			throws StandardException
	{
        if( ! bindParameter( rightOperand, Types.INTEGER))
        {
            int jdbcType = rightOperand.getTypeId().getJDBCTypeId();
            if( jdbcType != Types.TINYINT && jdbcType != Types.SMALLINT &&
                jdbcType != Types.INTEGER && jdbcType != Types.BIGINT)
                throw StandardException.newException(SQLState.LANG_INVALID_FUNCTION_ARG_TYPE,
                                                     rightOperand.getTypeId().getSQLTypeName(), 2,
                                                     operator);
        }
        bindDateTimeArg( receiver, 3);
        setType(DataTypeDescriptor.getBuiltInDataTypeDescriptor( Types.TIMESTAMP));
        return this;
    } // end of timestampAddBind

	/**
	 * Bind TIMESTAMPDIFF expression.  
	 *
	 * @return	The new top of the expression tree.
	 *
	 * @exception StandardException		Thrown on error
	 */

 	private ValueNode timestampDiffBind() 
			throws StandardException
	{
        bindDateTimeArg( rightOperand, 2);
        bindDateTimeArg( receiver, 3);
        setType(DataTypeDescriptor.getBuiltInDataTypeDescriptor( Types.BIGINT));
        return this;
    } // End of timestampDiffBind

    private void bindDateTimeArg( ValueNode arg, int argNumber) throws StandardException
    {
        if( ! bindParameter( arg, Types.TIMESTAMP))
        {
            if( ! arg.getTypeId().isDateTimeTimeStampTypeId())
                throw StandardException.newException(SQLState.LANG_INVALID_FUNCTION_ARG_TYPE,
                                                     arg.getTypeId().getSQLTypeName(), argNumber,
                                                     operator);
        }
    } // end of bindDateTimeArg

    /**
     * This method gets called for non-character string types and hence no need 
     * to set any collation info. Collation applies only to character string
     * types.
     *  
     * @param arg Check if arg is a ? param and if yes, then set it's type to
     *    jdbcType if arg doesn't have a type associated with it.
     *    
     * @param jdbcType Associate this type with arg if arg is a ? param with no
     *    type associated with it
     *    
     * @return true if arg is a ? param with no type associated with it
     * @throws StandardException
     */
    private boolean bindParameter( ValueNode arg, int jdbcType) throws StandardException
    {
        if( arg.requiresTypeFromContext() && arg.getTypeId() == null)
        {
            arg.setType( new DataTypeDescriptor(TypeId.getBuiltInTypeId( jdbcType), true));
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    } // end of bindParameter

    ValueNode getReceiver()
	{
		return receiver;
	}

	/* throw bad type message */
	private void throwBadType(String funcName, String type) 
		throws StandardException
	{
		throw StandardException.newException(SQLState.LANG_UNARY_FUNCTION_BAD_TYPE, 
										funcName,
										type);
	}

	/* bind arguments to built in types */
	protected void bindToBuiltIn() 
		throws StandardException
	{
		/* If the receiver is not a built-in type, then generate a bound conversion
		 * tree to a built-in type.
		 */
		if (receiver.getTypeId().userType())
		{
			receiver = receiver.genSQLJavaSQLTree();
		}

		/* If the left operand is not a built-in type, then generate a bound conversion
		 * tree to a built-in type.
		 */
		if (leftOperand.getTypeId().userType())
		{
			leftOperand = leftOperand.genSQLJavaSQLTree();
		}

		/* If the right operand is not a built-in type, then generate a bound conversion
		 * tree to a built-in type.
		 */
		if (rightOperand != null)
		{
			if (rightOperand.getTypeId().userType())
			{
				rightOperand = rightOperand.genSQLJavaSQLTree();
			}
		}
	}

	private DataTypeDescriptor getVarcharDescriptor() {
		return new DataTypeDescriptor(TypeId.getBuiltInTypeId(Types.VARCHAR), true);
	}
        
    boolean isSameNodeKind(ValueNode o) {
        return super.isSameNodeKind(o) &&
                ((TernaryOperatorNode)o).kind == this.kind;
    }


    boolean isEquivalent(ValueNode o) throws StandardException
    {
        if (isSameNodeKind(o)) {
            TernaryOperatorNode other = (TernaryOperatorNode)o;
		
			/*
			 * SUBSTR function can either have 2 or 3 arguments.  In the 
			 * 2-args case, rightOperand will be null and thus needs 
			 * additional handling in the equivalence check.
			 */
    		return (other.methodName.equals(methodName)
				&& other.receiver.isEquivalent(receiver)
    				&& other.leftOperand.isEquivalent(leftOperand)
    				&& ( (rightOperand == null && other.rightOperand == null) || 
    				     (other.rightOperand != null && 
    				    	other.rightOperand.isEquivalent(rightOperand)) ) );
        }
    	return false;
    }
}
