# SSL/TLS Usage

Cockpit usually requires that web browsers communicate with it using HTTPS, for security reasons.

## HTTPS Requirement

Cockpit listens for both HTTP and HTTPS connections on the same port, by default 9090. If an HTTP connection is made, Cockpit will redirect that connection to HTTPS. There are some exceptions:

- If an HTTP connection comes from `127.0.0.0/8`, then Cockpit will allow communication without redirecting to HTTPS.

- Certain URLs, like `/ping` are not required to use HTTPS.

This behavior can be overridden by setting the `AllowUnencrypted` option in `cockpit.conf`.

## Certificates

Cockpit will load a certificate from the `/etc/cockpit/ws-certs.d` directory. It will use the last file with a `.cert` extension in alphabetical order. The `.cert` file should contain at least two OpenSSL style PEM blocks. First one or more `BEGIN CERTIFICATE` blocks for the server certificate and the intermediate certificate authorities and a last one containing a `BEGIN PRIVATE KEY` or similar. The key may not be encrypted. For example:

    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    MIIDUzCCAjugAwIBAgIJAPXW+CuNYS6QMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMD8xKTAnBgNV
    BAoMIGI0OGE2NGNkNmMwNTQ1YThhZTgxOTEzZDE5YmJjMmRjMRIwEAYDVQQDDAls
    ...
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
    -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
    MIIDUzCCAjugAwIBAgIJAPXW+CuNYS6QMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMD8xKTAnBgNV
    BAoMIGI0OGE2NGNkNmMwNTQ1YThhZTgxOTEzZDE5YmJjMmRjMRIwEAYDVQQDDAls
    ...
    -----END CERTIFICATE-----
    -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
    MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQCyOJ5garOYw0sm
    8TBCDSqQ/H1awGMzDYdB11xuHHsxYS2VepPMzMzryHR137I4dGFLhvdTvJUH8lUS
    ...
    -----END PRIVATE KEY-----

If no certificate is found, a self-signed certificate is created and stored in the `0-self-signed.cert` file. On some platforms, Cockpit will also generate a ca.crt in that directory, which may be safely imported into client browsers.

To check which certificate `cockpit-ws` will use run the following command.

    $ sudo remotectl certificate

If using `certmonger` to manage certificates, following command can be used to automatically prepare concatenated .cert file:

    CERT_FILE=/etc/pki/tls/certs/$(hostname).pem
    KEY_FILE=/etc/pki/tls/private/$(hostname).key

    getcert request -f ${CERT_FILE} -k ${KEY_FILE} -D $(hostname --fqdn) -C "sed -n w/etc/cockpit/ws-certs.d/50-from-certmonger.cert ${CERT_FILE} ${KEY_FILE}"

## SSL Versions and Ciphers

By default Cockpit will only use modern secure ciphers and versions of TLS. In particular SSL v3.0 is disabled by default, as well as the RC4 cipher.

If you wish to enable these legacy protocols and algorithms you can do so by passing an environment variable to cockpit-ws. Place the following in the `/etc/systemd/system/cockpit.service.d/ssl.conf` file. Create the file and directories in that path which don't already exist.

    [Service]
    Environment=G_TLS_GNUTLS_PRIORITY=NORMAL:%COMPAT

The environment variable value is a GnuTLS priority string.