/* -*- Mode: C; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2012-2021 Matthias Klumpp <matthias@tenstral.net>
 * Copyright (C) 2014-2016 Richard Hughes <richard@hughsie.com>
 *
 * Licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1
 *
 * This library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the license, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with this library.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "as-utils.h"
#include "as-utils-private.h"

#include <config.h>
#include <glib.h>
#include <glib-object.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <gio/gio.h>
#include <glib/gstdio.h>
#include <glib/gi18n-lib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <libxml/tree.h>
#include <libxml/parser.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <utime.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include "as-version.h"
#include "as-resources.h"
#include "as-category.h"
#include "as-metadata.h"
#include "as-component-private.h"

/**
 * SECTION:as-utils
 * @short_description: Helper functions that are used inside libappstream
 * @include: appstream.h
 *
 * Functions which are used in libappstream and might be useful for others
 * as well.
 */


/**
 * as_get_appstream_version:
 *
 * Get the version of the AppStream library that is currently used
 * as a string.
 *
 * Returns: The AppStream version.
 */
const gchar*
as_get_appstream_version (void)
{
	return as_version_string ();
}

/**
 * as_utils_error_quark:
 *
 * Return value: An error quark.
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 **/
G_DEFINE_QUARK (as-utils-error-quark, as_utils_error)

/**
 * as_markup_strsplit_words:
 * @text: the text to split.
 * @line_len: the maximum length of the output line
 *
 * Splits up a long line into an array of smaller strings, each being no longer
 * than @line_len. Words are not split.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): lines, or %NULL in event of an error
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 **/
gchar **
as_markup_strsplit_words (const gchar *text, guint line_len)
{
	GPtrArray *lines;
	g_autoptr(GString) curline = NULL;
	g_auto(GStrv) tokens = NULL;

	/* sanity check */
	if (text == NULL)
		return NULL;
	if (text[0] == '\0')
		return g_strsplit (text, " ", -1);
	if (line_len == 0)
		return NULL;

	lines = g_ptr_array_new ();
	curline = g_string_new ("");

	/* tokenize the string */
	tokens = g_strsplit (text, " ", -1);
	for (guint i = 0; tokens[i] != NULL; i++) {

		/* current line plus new token is okay */
		if (curline->len + strlen (tokens[i]) < line_len) {
			g_string_append_printf (curline, "%s ", tokens[i]);
			continue;
		}

		/* too long, so remove space, add newline and dump */
		if (curline->len > 0)
			g_string_truncate (curline, curline->len - 1);
		g_string_append (curline, "\n");
		g_ptr_array_add (lines, g_strdup (curline->str));
		g_string_truncate (curline, 0);
		g_string_append_printf (curline, "%s ", tokens[i]);

	}

	/* any incomplete line? */
	if (curline->len > 0) {
		g_string_truncate (curline, curline->len - 1);
		g_string_append (curline, "\n");
		g_ptr_array_add (lines, g_strdup (curline->str));
	}

	/* any superfluous linebreak at the start?
	 * (this may happen if text is just one, very long word with no spaces) */
	if (lines->len > 0) {
		gchar *first_line = (gchar*) g_ptr_array_index (lines, 0);
		if (!g_str_has_prefix (text, "\n") && g_strcmp0 (first_line, "\n") == 0)
			g_ptr_array_remove_index (lines, 0);
	}

	g_ptr_array_add (lines, NULL);
	return (gchar **) g_ptr_array_free (lines, FALSE);
}

/**
 * as_description_markup_convert:
 * @markup: the XML markup to transform.
 * @error: A #GError or %NULL.
 *
 * Converts XML description markup into other forms of markup.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): a newly allocated %NULL terminated string.
 **/
gchar*
as_description_markup_convert (const gchar *markup, AsMarkupKind to_kind, GError **error)
{
	xmlDoc *doc = NULL;
	xmlNode *root;
	xmlNode *iter;
	gboolean ret = TRUE;
	gchar *formatted = NULL;
	GString *str = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *xmldata = NULL;

	if (markup == NULL)
		return NULL;

	/* is this actually markup */
	if (g_strrstr (markup, "<") == NULL) {
		formatted = g_strdup (markup);
		goto out;
	}

	/* if we already have XML, do nothing */
	if (to_kind == AS_MARKUP_KIND_XML)
		goto out;

	/* make XML parser happy by providing a root element */
	xmldata = g_strdup_printf ("<root>%s</root>", markup);

	doc = xmlParseDoc ((xmlChar*) xmldata);
	if (doc == NULL) {
		ret = FALSE;
		goto out;
	}

	root = xmlDocGetRootElement (doc);
	if (root == NULL) {
		/* document was empty */
		ret = FALSE;
		goto out;
	}

	str = g_string_new ("");
	for (iter = root->children; iter != NULL; iter = iter->next) {
		xmlNode *iter2;
		/* discard spaces */
		if (iter->type != XML_ELEMENT_NODE)
			continue;

		if (g_strcmp0 ((gchar*) iter->name, "p") == 0) {
			g_auto(GStrv) strv = NULL;
			g_autofree gchar *tmp = NULL;
			g_autofree gchar *content = (gchar*) xmlNodeGetContent (iter);
			g_strstrip (content);

			/* remove extra whitespaces and linebreaks */
			strv = g_strsplit (content, "\n", -1);
			for (guint i = 0; strv[i] != NULL; ++i)
				g_strstrip (strv[i]);
			tmp = g_strjoinv (" ", strv);

			if (str->len > 0)
				g_string_append (str, "\n");

			if (to_kind == AS_MARKUP_KIND_MARKDOWN) {
				g_auto(GStrv) spl = as_markup_strsplit_words (tmp, 100);
				for (guint i = 0; spl[i] != NULL; i++)
					g_string_append (str, spl[i]);
			} else {
				g_string_append_printf (str, "%s\n", tmp);
			}
		} else if ((g_strcmp0 ((gchar*) iter->name, "ul") == 0) || (g_strcmp0 ((gchar*) iter->name, "ol") == 0)) {
			/* iterate over itemize contents */
			for (iter2 = iter->children; iter2 != NULL; iter2 = iter2->next) {
				if (iter2->type != XML_ELEMENT_NODE)
					continue;
				if (g_strcmp0 ((gchar*) iter2->name, "li") == 0) {
					g_autofree gchar *content = (gchar*) xmlNodeGetContent (iter2);
					g_strstrip (content);
					if (to_kind == AS_MARKUP_KIND_MARKDOWN) {
						g_auto(GStrv) spl = NULL;
						/* break to 100 chars, leaving room for the dot/indent */
						spl = as_markup_strsplit_words (content, 100 - 3);
						g_string_append_printf (str, " * %s", spl[0]);
						for (guint i = 1; spl[i] != NULL; i++)
							g_string_append_printf (str, "   %s", spl[i]);
					} else {
						g_string_append_printf (str,
									" • %s\n",
									content);
					}
				} else {
					/* only <li> is valid in lists */
					ret = FALSE;
					goto out;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/* success */
	if (str->len > 0)
		g_string_truncate (str, str->len - 1);
out:
	if (doc != NULL)
		xmlFreeDoc (doc);
	if (!ret)
		formatted = g_strdup (markup);
	if (str != NULL) {
		if (!ret)
			g_string_free (str, TRUE);
		else
			formatted = g_string_free (str, FALSE);
	}
	return formatted;
}

/**
 * as_description_markup_convert_simple:
 * @markup: the XML markup to transform.
 * @error: A #GError or %NULL.
 *
 * Converts an XML description markup into a simple printable form.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): a newly allocated %NULL terminated string.
 **/
gchar*
as_markup_convert_simple (const gchar *markup, GError **error)
{
	return as_description_markup_convert (markup, AS_MARKUP_KIND_TEXT, error);
}

/**
 * as_is_empty:
 * @str: The string to test.
 *
 * Test if a C string is %NULL or empty (contains only terminating null character).
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if string was empty.
 */
gboolean
as_is_empty (const gchar *str)
{
	if ((str == NULL) || (str[0] == '\0'))
		return TRUE;
	return FALSE;
}

/**
 * as_iso8601_to_datetime:
 *
 * Helper function to work around a bug in g_date_time_new_from_iso8601.
 * Can be dropped when the bug gets resolved upstream:
 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=760983
 **/
GDateTime*
as_iso8601_to_datetime (const gchar *iso_date)
{
	guint dmy[] = {0, 0, 0};

	/* nothing set */
	if (iso_date == NULL || iso_date[0] == '\0')
		return NULL;

	/* try to parse complete ISO8601 date */
	if (g_strstr_len (iso_date, -1, "T") != NULL) {
		g_autoptr(GTimeZone) tz_utc = g_time_zone_new_utc ();
		GDateTime *res = g_date_time_new_from_iso8601 (iso_date, tz_utc);
		if (res != NULL)
			return res;
	}

	/* g_date_time_new_from_iso8601() blows goats and won't
	 * accept a valid ISO8601 formatted date without a
	 * time value - try and parse this case */
	if (sscanf (iso_date, "%u-%u-%u", &dmy[0], &dmy[1], &dmy[2]) != 3)
		return NULL;

	/* create valid object */
	return g_date_time_new_utc (dmy[0], dmy[1], dmy[2], 0, 0, 0);
}

/**
 * as_utils_delete_dir_recursive:
 * @dirname: Directory to remove
 *
 * Remove directory and all its children (like rm -r does).
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if operation was successful
 */
gboolean
as_utils_delete_dir_recursive (const gchar* dirname)
{
	GError *error = NULL;
	gboolean ret = FALSE;
	GFile *dir;
	GFileEnumerator *enr;
	GFileInfo *info;
	g_return_val_if_fail (dirname != NULL, FALSE);

	if (!g_file_test (dirname, G_FILE_TEST_IS_DIR))
		return TRUE;

	dir = g_file_new_for_path (dirname);
	enr = g_file_enumerate_children (dir, "standard::name", G_FILE_QUERY_INFO_NOFOLLOW_SYMLINKS, NULL, &error);
	if (error != NULL)
		goto out;

	if (enr == NULL)
		goto out;
	info = g_file_enumerator_next_file (enr, NULL, &error);
	if (error != NULL)
		goto out;
	while (info != NULL) {
		gchar *path;
		path = g_build_filename (dirname, g_file_info_get_name (info), NULL);
		if (g_file_test (path, G_FILE_TEST_IS_DIR)) {
			as_utils_delete_dir_recursive (path);
		} else {
			g_remove (path);
		}
		g_object_unref (info);
		info = g_file_enumerator_next_file (enr, NULL, &error);
		if (error != NULL)
			goto out;
	}
	if (g_file_test (dirname, G_FILE_TEST_EXISTS)) {
		g_rmdir (dirname);
	}
	ret = TRUE;

out:
	g_object_unref (dir);
	if (enr != NULL)
		g_object_unref (enr);
	if (error != NULL) {
		g_critical ("Could not remove directory: %s", error->message);
		g_error_free (error);
	}
	return ret;
}

/**
 * as_utils_find_files_matching:
 */
GPtrArray*
as_utils_find_files_matching (const gchar* dir, const gchar* pattern, gboolean recursive, GError **error)
{
	GPtrArray *list;
	GFileInfo *file_info;
	GFileEnumerator *enumerator = NULL;
	GFile *fdir;
	GError *tmp_error = NULL;
	g_return_val_if_fail (dir != NULL, NULL);
	g_return_val_if_fail (pattern != NULL, NULL);

	list = g_ptr_array_new_with_free_func (g_free);
	fdir =  g_file_new_for_path (dir);
	enumerator = g_file_enumerate_children (fdir, G_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_STANDARD_NAME, 0, NULL, &tmp_error);
	if (tmp_error != NULL)
		goto out;

	while ((file_info = g_file_enumerator_next_file (enumerator, NULL, &tmp_error)) != NULL) {
		g_autofree gchar *path = NULL;

		if (tmp_error != NULL) {
			g_object_unref (file_info);
			break;
		}
		if (g_file_info_get_is_hidden (file_info)) {
			g_object_unref (file_info);
			continue;
		}

		path = g_build_filename (dir,
					 g_file_info_get_name (file_info),
					 NULL);

		if ((!g_file_test (path, G_FILE_TEST_IS_REGULAR)) && (recursive)) {
			GPtrArray *subdir_list;
			guint i;
			subdir_list = as_utils_find_files_matching (path, pattern, recursive, &tmp_error);
			/* if there was an error, exit */
			if (subdir_list == NULL) {
				g_ptr_array_unref (list);
				list = NULL;
				g_object_unref (file_info);
				break;
			}
			for (i=0; i<subdir_list->len; i++)
				g_ptr_array_add (list,
						 g_strdup ((gchar *) g_ptr_array_index (subdir_list, i)));
			g_ptr_array_unref (subdir_list);
		} else {
			if (!as_is_empty (pattern)) {
				if (!g_pattern_match_simple (pattern, g_file_info_get_name (file_info))) {
					g_object_unref (file_info);
					continue;
				}
			}
			g_ptr_array_add (list, path);
			path = NULL;
		}

		g_object_unref (file_info);
	}


out:
	g_object_unref (fdir);
	if (enumerator != NULL)
		g_object_unref (enumerator);
	if (tmp_error != NULL) {
		if (error == NULL)
			g_debug ("Error while searching for files in %s: %s", dir, tmp_error->message);
		else
			g_propagate_error (error, tmp_error);
		g_ptr_array_unref (list);
		return NULL;
	}

	return list;
}

/**
 * as_utils_find_files:
 */
GPtrArray*
as_utils_find_files (const gchar *dir, gboolean recursive, GError **error)
{
	GPtrArray* res = NULL;
	g_return_val_if_fail (dir != NULL, NULL);

	res = as_utils_find_files_matching (dir, "", recursive, error);
	return res;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_root:
 */
gboolean
as_utils_is_root (void)
{
	uid_t vuid;
	vuid = getuid ();
	return (vuid == ((uid_t) 0));
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_writable:
 * @path: the path to check.
 *
 * Checks if a path is writable.
 */
gboolean
as_utils_is_writable (const gchar *path)
{
	g_autoptr(GFile) file = NULL;
	g_autoptr(GFileInfo) file_info = NULL;

	file = g_file_new_for_path (path);
	file_info = g_file_query_info (
		file,
		G_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ACCESS_CAN_WRITE,
		G_FILE_QUERY_INFO_NONE,
		NULL,
		NULL);

	if (file_info && g_file_info_has_attribute (file_info, G_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ACCESS_CAN_WRITE))
		return g_file_info_get_attribute_boolean (file_info, G_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ACCESS_CAN_WRITE);

	return FALSE;
}

/**
 * as_get_current_locale:
 *
 * Returns the current locale string in the format
 * used by the AppStream.
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): A locale string, free with g_free()
 */
gchar*
as_get_current_locale (void)
{
	const gchar * const *locale_names;
	gchar *tmp;
	gchar *locale = NULL;

	/* use LANGUAGE, LC_ALL, LC_MESSAGES and LANG */
	locale_names = g_get_language_names ();

	if (g_strstr_len (locale_names[0], -1, "_") == NULL) {
		/* The locale doesn't have a region code - see if LANG has more to offer.
		 * Some users expect LANG to take priority, and PackageKit uses region codes
		 * as well since frontends submit them (based on LANG).
		 * So if we don't have them in LANGUAGE but do have them in LANG, we have
		 * different localization depending on how the application was launched as well as
		 * multiple caches on systems which generate them via a backend in PackageKit. */
		const gchar *env_lang = g_getenv ("LANG");
		if ((env_lang != NULL) && (g_strstr_len (env_lang, -1, "_") != NULL))
			locale = g_strdup (env_lang);
	}
	if (locale == NULL)
		locale = g_strdup (locale_names[0]);

	/* set active locale without UTF-8 suffix, UTF-8 is default in AppStream */
	tmp = g_strstr_len (locale, -1, ".UTF-8");
	if (tmp != NULL)
		*tmp = '\0';

	return locale;
}

/**
 * as_ptr_array_to_strv:
 * @array: (element-type utf8)
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): strv of the string array
 */
gchar**
as_ptr_array_to_strv (GPtrArray *array)
{
	gchar **value;
	const gchar *value_temp;
	guint i;

	g_return_val_if_fail (array != NULL, NULL);

	/* copy the array to a strv */
	value = g_new0 (gchar*, array->len + 1);
	for (i = 0; i < array->len; i++) {
		value_temp = (const gchar*) g_ptr_array_index (array, i);
		value[i] = g_strdup (value_temp);
	}

	return value;
}

/**
 * as_gstring_replace:
 * @string: The #GString to operate on
 * @search: The text to search for
 * @replace: The text to use for substitutions
 *
 * Performs multiple search and replace operations on the given string.
 *
 * Returns: the number of replacements done, or 0 if @search is not found.
 **/
guint
as_gstring_replace (GString *string, const gchar *search, const gchar *replace)
{
	gchar *tmp;
	guint count = 0;
	gsize search_idx = 0;
	gsize replace_len;
	gsize search_len;

	g_return_val_if_fail (string != NULL, 0);
	g_return_val_if_fail (search != NULL, 0);
	g_return_val_if_fail (replace != NULL, 0);

	/* nothing to do */
	if (string->len == 0)
		return 0;

	search_len = strlen (search);
	replace_len = strlen (replace);

	do {
		tmp = g_strstr_len (string->str + search_idx, -1, search);
		if (tmp == NULL)
			break;

		/* advance the counter in case @replace contains @search */
		search_idx = (gsize) (tmp - string->str);

		/* reallocate the string if required */
		if (search_len > replace_len) {
			g_string_erase (string,
					(gssize) search_idx,
					(gssize) (search_len - replace_len));
			memcpy (tmp, replace, replace_len);
		} else if (search_len < replace_len) {
			g_string_insert_len (string,
					     (gssize) search_idx,
					     replace,
					     (gssize) (replace_len - search_len));
			/* we have to treat this specially as it could have
			 * been reallocated when the insertion happened */
			memcpy (string->str + search_idx, replace, replace_len);
		} else {
			/* just memcmp in the new string */
			memcpy (tmp, replace, replace_len);
		}
		search_idx += replace_len;
		count++;
	} while (TRUE);

	return count;
}

/**
 * as_str_replace:
 * @str: The string to operate on
 * @old_str: The old value to replace.
 * @new_str: The new value to replace @old_str with.
 *
 * Performs search & replace on the given string.
 *
 * Returns: A new string with the characters replaced.
 */
gchar*
as_str_replace (const gchar *str, const gchar *old_str, const gchar *new_str)
{
	GString *gstr;

	gstr = g_string_new (str);
	as_gstring_replace (gstr, old_str, new_str);
	return g_string_free (gstr, FALSE);
}

/**
 * as_touch_location:
 * @fname: The file or directory to touch.
 *
 * Change mtime of a filesystem location.
 */
gboolean
as_touch_location (const gchar *fname)
{
	struct stat sb;
	struct utimbuf new_times;

	if (stat (fname, &sb) < 0)
		return FALSE;

	new_times.actime = sb.st_atime;
	new_times.modtime = time (NULL);
	if (utime (fname, &new_times) < 0)
		return FALSE;

	return TRUE;
}

/**
 * as_reset_umask:
 *
 * Reset umask potentially set by the user to a default value,
 * so we can create files with the correct permissions.
 */
void
as_reset_umask (void)
{
	umask (0022);
}

/**
 * as_copy_file:
 *
 * Copy a file.
 */
gboolean
as_copy_file (const gchar *source, const gchar *destination, GError **error)
{
	FILE *fsrc, *fdest;
	int a;

	fsrc = fopen (source, "rb");
	if (fsrc == NULL) {
		g_set_error (error,
				G_FILE_ERROR,
				G_FILE_ERROR_FAILED,
				"Could not copy file: %s", g_strerror (errno));
		return FALSE;
	}

	fdest = fopen (destination, "wb");
	if (fdest == NULL) {
		g_set_error (error,
				G_FILE_ERROR,
				G_FILE_ERROR_FAILED,
				"Could not copy file: %s", g_strerror (errno));
		fclose (fsrc);
		return FALSE;
	}

	while (TRUE) {
		a = fgetc (fsrc);

		if (!feof (fsrc))
			fputc (a, fdest);
		else
			break;
	}

	fclose (fdest);
	fclose (fsrc);
	return TRUE;
}

/**
 * as_is_cruft_locale:
 *
 * Checks whether the given locale is valid or a cruft or dummy
 * locale.
 */
gboolean
as_is_cruft_locale (const gchar *locale)
{
	if (locale == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	if (g_strcmp0 (locale, "x-test") == 0)
		return TRUE;
	if (g_strcmp0 (locale, "xx") == 0)
		return TRUE;
	return FALSE;
}

/**
 * as_locale_strip_encoding:
 *
 * Remove the encoding from a locale string.
 * The function modifies the string directly.
 */
gchar*
as_locale_strip_encoding (gchar *locale)
{
	gchar *tmp;
	tmp = g_strstr_len (locale, -1, ".UTF-8");
	if (tmp != NULL)
		*tmp = '\0';
	return locale;
}

/**
 * as_get_current_arch:
 *
 * Get the current architecture as vendor strings
 * (e.g. "amd64" instead of "x86_64").
 *
 * Returns: (transfer full): The current OS architecture as string
 */
gchar*
as_get_current_arch (void)
{
	gchar *arch;
	struct utsname uts;

	uname (&uts);

	if (g_strcmp0 (uts.machine, "x86_64") == 0) {
		arch = g_strdup ("amd64");
	} else if (g_pattern_match_simple ("i?86", uts.machine)) {
		arch = g_strdup ("ia32");
	} else if (g_strcmp0 (uts.machine, "aarch64")) {
		arch = g_strdup ("arm64");
	} else {
		arch = g_strdup (uts.machine);
	}

	return arch;
}

/**
 * as_arch_compatible:
 * @arch1: Architecture 1
 * @arch2: Architecture 2
 *
 * Compares two architectures and returns %TRUE if they are compatible.
 */
gboolean
as_arch_compatible (const gchar *arch1, const gchar *arch2)
{
	if (g_strcmp0 (arch1, arch2) == 0)
		return TRUE;
	if (g_strcmp0 (arch1, "all") == 0)
		return TRUE;
	if (g_strcmp0 (arch2, "all") == 0)
		return TRUE;
	return FALSE;
}

/**
 * as_utils_locale_to_language:
 * @locale: The locale string.
 *
 * Get language part from a locale string.
 */
gchar*
as_utils_locale_to_language (const gchar *locale)
{
	gchar *tmp;
	gchar *country_code;

	/* invalid */
	if (locale == NULL)
		return NULL;

	/* return the part before the _ (not always 2 chars!) */
	country_code = g_strdup (locale);
	tmp = g_strstr_len (country_code, -1, "_");
	if (tmp != NULL)
		*tmp = '\0';
	return country_code;
}

/**
 * as_ptr_array_find_string:
 * @array: gchar* array
 * @value: string to find
 *
 * Finds a string in a pointer array.
 *
 * Returns: (nullable): the const string, or %NULL if not found
 **/
const gchar*
as_ptr_array_find_string (GPtrArray *array, const gchar *value)
{
	const gchar *tmp;
	guint i;
	for (i = 0; i < array->len; i++) {
		tmp = g_ptr_array_index (array, i);
		if (g_strcmp0 (tmp, value) == 0)
			return tmp;
	}
	return NULL;
}


/**
 * as_hash_table_keys_to_array:
 * @table: The hash table.
 * @array: The pointer array.
 *
 * Add keys of a hash table to a pointer array.
 * The hash table keys must be strings.
 */
void
as_hash_table_string_keys_to_array (GHashTable *table, GPtrArray *array)
{
	GHashTableIter iter;
	gpointer value;

	g_hash_table_iter_init (&iter, table);
	while (g_hash_table_iter_next (&iter, NULL, &value)) {
		const gchar *str = (const gchar*) value;
		g_ptr_array_add (array, g_strdup (str));
	}
}

/**
 * as_utils_locale_is_compatible:
 * @locale1: a locale string, or %NULL
 * @locale2: a locale string, or %NULL
 *
 * Calculates if one locale is compatible with another.
 * When doing the calculation the locale and language code is taken into
 * account if possible.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the locale is compatible.
 *
 * Since: 0.9.5
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_locale_is_compatible (const gchar *locale1, const gchar *locale2)
{
	g_autofree gchar *lang1 = as_utils_locale_to_language (locale1);
	g_autofree gchar *lang2 = as_utils_locale_to_language (locale2);

	/* we've specified "don't care" and locale unspecified */
	if (locale1 == NULL && locale2 == NULL)
		return TRUE;

	/* forward */
	if (locale1 == NULL && locale2 != NULL) {
		const gchar *const *locales = g_get_language_names ();
		return g_strv_contains (locales, locale2) ||
		       g_strv_contains (locales, lang2);
	}

	/* backwards */
	if (locale1 != NULL && locale2 == NULL) {
		const gchar *const *locales = g_get_language_names ();
		return g_strv_contains (locales, locale1) ||
		       g_strv_contains (locales, lang1);
	}

	/* both specified */
	if (g_strcmp0 (locale1, locale2) == 0)
		return TRUE;
	if (g_strcmp0 (locale1, lang2) == 0)
		return TRUE;
	if (g_strcmp0 (lang1, locale2) == 0)
		return TRUE;
	return FALSE;
}

/**
 * as_utils_search_token_valid:
 * @token: the search token
 *
 * Checks the search token if it is valid. Valid tokens are at least 3 chars in
 * length and do not contain markup.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE is the search token was valid.
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_search_token_valid (const gchar *token)
{
	guint i;
	for (i = 0; token[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		if (token[i] == '<' ||
		    token[i] == '>' ||
		    token[i] == '(' ||
		    token[i] == ')')
			return FALSE;
	}
	if (i < 3)
		return FALSE;
	return TRUE;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_category_id:
 * @category_name: a XDG category name, e.g. "ProjectManagement"
 *
 * Searches the known list of registered XDG category names.
 * See https://specifications.freedesktop.org/menu-spec/menu-spec-1.0.html#category-registry
 * for a reference.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the category name is valid
 *
 * Since: 0.9.7
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_is_category_name (const gchar *category_name)
{
	g_autoptr(GBytes) data = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *key = NULL;

	/* custom spec-extensions are generally valid if prefixed correctly */
	if (g_str_has_prefix (category_name, "X-"))
		return TRUE;

	/* load the readonly data section and look for the category name */
	data = g_resource_lookup_data (as_get_resource (),
				       "/org/freedesktop/appstream/xdg-category-names.txt",
				       G_RESOURCE_LOOKUP_FLAGS_NONE,
				       NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	key = g_strdup_printf ("\n%s\n", category_name);
	return g_strstr_len (g_bytes_get_data (data, NULL), -1, key) != NULL;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_tld:
 * @tld: a top-level domain without dot, e.g. "de", "org", "name"
 *
 * Searches the known list of TLDs we allow for AppStream IDs.
 * This excludes internationalized names.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the TLD is valid
 *
 * Since: 0.9.8
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_is_tld (const gchar *tld)
{
	g_autoptr(GBytes) data = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *key = NULL;

	/* load the readonly data section and look for the TLD */
	data = g_resource_lookup_data (as_get_resource (),
				       "/org/freedesktop/appstream/iana-filtered-tld-list.txt",
				       G_RESOURCE_LOOKUP_FLAGS_NONE,
				       NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	key = g_strdup_printf ("\n%s\n", tld);
	return g_strstr_len (g_bytes_get_data (data, NULL), -1, key) != NULL;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_desktop_environment:
 * @desktop: a desktop environment id.
 *
 * Searches the known list of desktop environments AppStream
 * knows about.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the desktop-id is valid
 *
 * Since: 0.10.0
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_is_desktop_environment (const gchar *desktop)
{
	g_autoptr(GBytes) data = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *key = NULL;

	/* load the readonly data section and look for the desktop environment name */
	data = g_resource_lookup_data (as_get_resource (),
				       "/org/freedesktop/appstream/desktop-environments.txt",
				       G_RESOURCE_LOOKUP_FLAGS_NONE,
				       NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	key = g_strdup_printf ("\n%s\n", desktop);
	return g_strstr_len (g_bytes_get_data (data, NULL), -1, key) != NULL;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_platform_triplet_arch:
 * @arch: an architecture ID.
 *
 * Check if the given string is a valid architecture part
 * of a platform triplet.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if architecture is valid
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_is_platform_triplet_arch (const gchar *arch)
{
	g_autoptr(GBytes) data = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *key = NULL;

	if (arch == NULL)
		return FALSE;

	/* "any" is always a valid value */
	if (g_strcmp0 (arch, "any") == 0)
		return TRUE;

	/* load the readonly data section */
	data = g_resource_lookup_data (as_get_resource (),
				       "/org/freedesktop/appstream/platform_arch.txt",
				       G_RESOURCE_LOOKUP_FLAGS_NONE,
				       NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	key = g_strdup_printf ("\n%s\n", arch);
	return g_strstr_len (g_bytes_get_data (data, NULL), -1, key) != NULL;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_platform_triplet_oskernel:
 * @os: an OS/kernel ID.
 *
 * Check if the given string is a valid OS/kernel part
 * of a platform triplet.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if kernel ID is valid
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_is_platform_triplet_oskernel (const gchar *os)
{
	g_autoptr(GBytes) data = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *key = NULL;

	if (os == NULL)
		return FALSE;

	/* "any" is always a valid value */
	if (g_strcmp0 (os, "any") == 0)
		return TRUE;

	/* load the readonly data section */
	data = g_resource_lookup_data (as_get_resource (),
				       "/org/freedesktop/appstream/platform_os.txt",
				       G_RESOURCE_LOOKUP_FLAGS_NONE,
				       NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	key = g_strdup_printf ("\n%s\n", os);
	return g_strstr_len (g_bytes_get_data (data, NULL), -1, key) != NULL;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_platform_triplet_osenv:
 * @env: an OS/environment ID.
 *
 * Check if the given string is a valid OS/environment part
 * of a platform triplet.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if environment ID is valid
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_is_platform_triplet_osenv (const gchar *env)
{
	g_autoptr(GBytes) data = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *key = NULL;

	if (env == NULL)
		return FALSE;

	/* "any" is always a valid value */
	if (g_strcmp0 (env, "any") == 0)
		return TRUE;

	/* load the readonly data section */
	data = g_resource_lookup_data (as_get_resource (),
				       "/org/freedesktop/appstream/platform_env.txt",
				       G_RESOURCE_LOOKUP_FLAGS_NONE,
				       NULL);
	if (data == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	key = g_strdup_printf ("\n%s\n", env);
	return g_strstr_len (g_bytes_get_data (data, NULL), -1, key) != NULL;
}

/**
 * as_utils_is_platform_triplet:
 * @triplet: a platform triplet.
 *
 * Test if the given string is a valid platform triplet recognized by
 * AppStream.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if triplet is valid.
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_is_platform_triplet (const gchar *triplet)
{
	g_auto(GStrv) parts = NULL;

	if (triplet == NULL)
		return FALSE;

	parts = g_strsplit (triplet, "-", 3);
	if (g_strv_length (parts) != 3)
		return FALSE;
	if (!as_utils_is_platform_triplet_arch (parts[0]))
		return FALSE;
	if (!as_utils_is_platform_triplet_oskernel (parts[1]))
		return FALSE;
	if (!as_utils_is_platform_triplet_osenv (parts[2]))
		return FALSE;
	return TRUE;
}

/**
 * as_utils_sort_components_into_categories:
 * @cpts: (element-type AsComponent): List of components.
 * @categories: (element-type AsCategory): List of categories to sort components into.
 * @check_duplicates: Whether to check for duplicates.
 *
 * Sorts all components in @cpts into the #AsCategory categories listed in @categories.
 */
void
as_utils_sort_components_into_categories (GPtrArray *cpts, GPtrArray *categories, gboolean check_duplicates)
{
	guint i;

	for (i = 0; i < cpts->len; i++) {
		guint j;
		AsComponent *cpt = AS_COMPONENT (g_ptr_array_index (cpts, i));

		for (j = 0; j < categories->len; j++) {
			guint k;
			GPtrArray *children;
			gboolean added_to_main = FALSE;
			AsCategory *main_cat = AS_CATEGORY (g_ptr_array_index (categories, j));

			if (as_component_is_member_of_category (cpt, main_cat)) {
				if (!check_duplicates || !as_category_has_component (main_cat, cpt)) {
					as_category_add_component (main_cat, cpt);
					added_to_main = TRUE;
				}
			}

			/* fortunately, categories are only nested one level deep in all known cases.
			 * if this will ever change, we will need to adjust this code to go through
			 * a whole tree of categories, eww... */
			children = as_category_get_children (main_cat);
			for (k = 0; k < children->len; k++) {
				AsCategory *subcat = AS_CATEGORY (g_ptr_array_index (children, k));

				/* skip duplicates */
				if (check_duplicates && as_category_has_component (subcat, cpt))
					continue;

				if (as_component_is_member_of_category (cpt, subcat)) {
					as_category_add_component (subcat, cpt);
					if (!added_to_main) {
						if (!check_duplicates || !as_category_has_component (main_cat, cpt)) {
							as_category_add_component (main_cat, cpt);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

static inline const gchar*
_as_fix_data_id_part (const gchar *tmp)
{
	if (tmp == NULL || tmp[0] == '\0')
		return AS_DATA_ID_WILDCARD;
	return tmp;
}

/**
 * as_utils_build_data_id:
 * @scope: Scope of the metadata as #AsComponentScope e.g. %AS_COMPONENT_SCOPE_SYSTEM
 * @bundle_kind: Bundling system providing this data, e.g. 'package' or 'flatpak'
 * @origin: Origin string, e.g. 'os' or 'gnome-apps-nightly'
 * @cid: AppStream component ID, e.g. 'org.freedesktop.appstream.cli'
 * @branch: Branch, e.g. '3-20' or 'master'
 *
 * Builds an identifier string unique to the individual dataset using the supplied information.
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 */
gchar*
as_utils_build_data_id (AsComponentScope scope,
			AsBundleKind bundle_kind,
			const gchar *origin,
			const gchar *cid,
			const gchar *branch)
{
	const gchar *scope_str = NULL;
	const gchar *bundle_str = NULL;

	/* if we have a package in system scope, the origin is "os", as they share the same namespace
	 * and we can not have multiple versions of the same software installed on the system.
	 * The data ID is needed to deduplicate entries */
	if (scope == AS_COMPONENT_SCOPE_SYSTEM && bundle_kind == AS_BUNDLE_KIND_PACKAGE)
		origin = "os";

	if (scope != AS_COMPONENT_SCOPE_UNKNOWN)
		scope_str = as_component_scope_to_string (scope);
	if (bundle_kind != AS_BUNDLE_KIND_UNKNOWN)
		bundle_str = as_bundle_kind_to_string (bundle_kind);

	/* build the data-id */
	return g_strdup_printf ("%s/%s/%s/%s/%s",
				_as_fix_data_id_part (scope_str),
				_as_fix_data_id_part (bundle_str),
				_as_fix_data_id_part (origin),
				_as_fix_data_id_part (cid),
				_as_fix_data_id_part (branch));
}

/**
 * as_utils_data_id_valid:
 * @data_id: a component data ID
 *
 * Checks if a data ID is valid i.e. has the correct number of
 * sections.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the ID is valid
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 */
gboolean
as_utils_data_id_valid (const gchar *data_id)
{
	guint i;
	guint sections = 1;
	if (data_id == NULL)
		return FALSE;
	for (i = 0; data_id[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		if (data_id[i] == '/')
			sections++;
	}
	return sections == AS_DATA_ID_PARTS_COUNT;
}

/**
 * as_utils_data_id_get_cid:
 * @data_id: The data-id.
 *
 * Get the component-id part of the data-id.
 */
gchar*
as_utils_data_id_get_cid (const gchar *data_id)
{
	g_auto(GStrv) parts = NULL;

	parts = g_strsplit (data_id, "/", 5);
	if (g_strv_length (parts) != 5)
		return NULL;
	return g_strdup (parts[3]);
}

static inline guint
_as_utils_data_id_find_part (const gchar *str)
{
	guint i;
	for (i = 0; str[i] != '/' && str[i] != '\0'; i++);
	return i;
}

static inline gboolean
_as_utils_data_id_is_wildcard_part (const gchar *str, guint len)
{
	return len == 1 && str[0] == '*';
}

/**
 * as_utils_data_id_match:
 * @data_id1: a data ID
 * @data_id2: another data ID
 * @match_flags: a #AsDataIdMatchFlags bitfield, e.g. %AS_DATA_ID_MATCH_FLAG_ID
 *
 * Checks two data IDs for equality allowing globs to match, whilst also
 * allowing clients to whitelist sections that have to match.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the IDs should be considered equal.
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 */
gboolean
as_utils_data_id_match (const gchar *data_id1,
			const gchar *data_id2,
			AsDataIdMatchFlags match_flags)
{
	guint last1 = 0;
	guint last2 = 0;
	guint len1;
	guint len2;

	/* trivial */
	if (data_id1 == data_id2)
		return TRUE;

	/* invalid */
	if (!as_utils_data_id_valid (data_id1) ||
	    !as_utils_data_id_valid (data_id2))
		return g_strcmp0 (data_id1, data_id2) == 0;

	/* look at each part */
	for (guint i = 0; i < AS_DATA_ID_PARTS_COUNT; i++) {
		const gchar *tmp1 = data_id1 + last1;
		const gchar *tmp2 = data_id2 + last2;

		/* find the slash or the end of the string */
		len1 = _as_utils_data_id_find_part (tmp1);
		len2 = _as_utils_data_id_find_part (tmp2);

		/* either string was a wildcard */
		if (match_flags & (1 << i) &&
		    !_as_utils_data_id_is_wildcard_part (tmp1, len1) &&
		    !_as_utils_data_id_is_wildcard_part (tmp2, len2)) {
			/* are substrings the same */
			if (len1 != len2)
				return FALSE;
			if (memcmp (tmp1, tmp2, len1) != 0)
				return FALSE;
		}

		/* advance to next section */
		last1 += len1 + 1;
		last2 += len2 + 1;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

/**
 * as_utils_data_id_equal:
 * @data_id1: a data ID
 * @data_id2: another data ID
 *
 * Checks two component data IDs for equality allowing globs to match.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE if the ID's should be considered equal.
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 */
gboolean
as_utils_data_id_equal (const gchar *data_id1, const gchar *data_id2)
{
	return as_utils_data_id_match (data_id1,
				       data_id2,
				       AS_DATA_ID_MATCH_FLAG_SCOPE |
				       AS_DATA_ID_MATCH_FLAG_BUNDLE_KIND |
				       AS_DATA_ID_MATCH_FLAG_ORIGIN |
				       AS_DATA_ID_MATCH_FLAG_ID |
				       AS_DATA_ID_MATCH_FLAG_BRANCH);
}

/**
 * as_utils_data_id_hash:
 * @data_id: a data ID
 *
 * Converts a data-id to a hash value.
 *
 * This function implements the widely used DJB hash on the ID subset of the
 * data-id string.
 *
 * It can be passed to g_hash_table_new() as the hash_func parameter,
 * when using non-NULL strings or unique_ids as keys in a GHashTable.
 *
 * Returns: a hash value corresponding to the key
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 */
guint
as_utils_data_id_hash (const gchar *data_id)
{
	gsize i;
	guint hash = 5381;
	guint section_cnt = 0;

	/* not a unique ID */
	if (!as_utils_data_id_valid (data_id))
		return g_str_hash (data_id);

	/* only include the component-id */
	for (i = 0; data_id[i] != '\0'; i++) {
		if (data_id[i] == '/') {
			if (++section_cnt > 3)
				break;
			continue;
		}
		if (section_cnt < 3)
			continue;
		hash = (guint) ((hash << 5) + hash) + (guint) (data_id[i]);
	}
	return hash;
}

/**
 * as_utils_get_component_bundle_kind:
 *
 * Check which bundling system the component uses.
 */
AsBundleKind
as_utils_get_component_bundle_kind (AsComponent *cpt)
{
	GPtrArray *bundles;
	AsBundleKind bundle_kind = AS_BUNDLE_KIND_UNKNOWN;

	/* determine bundle - what should we do if there are multiple bundles of different types
	 * defined for one component? */
	if (as_component_has_package (cpt) ||
	    as_component_get_kind (cpt) == AS_COMPONENT_KIND_OPERATING_SYSTEM)
		bundle_kind = AS_BUNDLE_KIND_PACKAGE;
	bundles = as_component_get_bundles (cpt);
	if (bundles->len > 0)
		bundle_kind = as_bundle_get_kind (AS_BUNDLE (g_ptr_array_index (bundles, 0)));

	return bundle_kind;
}

/**
 * as_utils_build_data_id_for_cpt:
 * @cpt: The component to build the ID for.
 *
 * Builds the unique metadata ID for component @cpt.
 */
gchar*
as_utils_build_data_id_for_cpt (AsComponent *cpt)
{
	AsBundleKind bundle_kind;

	/* determine bundle - what should we do if there are multiple bundles of different types
	 * defined for one component? */
	bundle_kind = as_utils_get_component_bundle_kind (cpt);

	/* build the data-id */
	return as_utils_build_data_id (as_component_get_scope (cpt),
				       bundle_kind,
				       as_component_get_origin (cpt),
				       as_component_get_id (cpt),
				       as_component_get_branch (cpt));
}

/**
 * as_utils_dns_to_rdns:
 *
 * Create a reverse-DNS ID based on a preexisting URL.
 */
gchar*
as_utils_dns_to_rdns (const gchar *url, const gchar *suffix)
{
	g_autofree gchar *tmp = NULL;
	gchar *pos = NULL;
	GString *new_cid = NULL;
	g_auto(GStrv) parts = NULL;
	guint i;

	tmp = g_strstr_len (url, -1, "://");
	if (tmp == NULL)
		tmp = g_strdup (url);
	else
		tmp = g_strdup (tmp + 3);

	pos = g_strstr_len (tmp, -1, "/");
	if (pos != NULL)
		pos[0] = '\0';

	parts = g_strsplit (tmp, ".", -1);
	if (parts == NULL)
		return NULL;

	new_cid = g_string_new (suffix);
	for (i = 0; parts[i] != NULL; i++) {
		if (g_strcmp0 (parts[i], "www") != 0) {
			g_string_prepend_c (new_cid, '.');
			g_string_prepend (new_cid, parts[i]);
		}
	}

	if (suffix == NULL)
		g_string_truncate (new_cid, new_cid->len - 1);

	return g_string_free (new_cid, FALSE);
}

/**
 * as_sort_components_by_score_cb:
 *
 * Helper method to sort result arrays by the #AsComponent match score
 * with higher scores appearing higher in the list.
 */
static gint
as_sort_components_by_score_cb (gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
{
	guint s1, s2;
	AsComponent *cpt1 = *((AsComponent **) a);
	AsComponent *cpt2 = *((AsComponent **) b);
	s1 = as_component_get_sort_score (cpt1);
	s2 = as_component_get_sort_score (cpt2);

	if (s1 > s2)
		return -1;
	if (s1 < s2)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * as_sort_components_by_score:
 *
 * Sort components by their (search) match score.
 */
void
as_sort_components_by_score (GPtrArray *cpts)
{
	g_ptr_array_sort (cpts, as_sort_components_by_score_cb);
}

/**
 * as_object_ptr_array_absorb:
 *
 * Append contents from source array of GObjects to destination array,
 * transferring ownership to the destination and removing values
 * from the source (effectively moving the data).
 * The source array will be empty afterwards.
 *
 * This function assumes that a GDestroyNotify function is set on the
 * GPtrArray if GLib < 2.58.
 */
void
as_object_ptr_array_absorb (GPtrArray *dest, GPtrArray *src)
{
#if GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2,58,0)
	while (src->len != 0)
		g_ptr_array_add (dest, g_ptr_array_steal_index_fast (src, 0));
#else
	while (src->len != 0) {
		g_ptr_array_add (dest, g_object_ref (g_ptr_array_index (src, 0)));
		g_ptr_array_remove_index_fast (src, 0);
	}
#endif
}

/**
 * as_ptr_array_to_str:
 *
 * Convert a string GPtrArray to a single string with
 * the array values separated by a separator.
 */
gchar*
as_ptr_array_to_str (GPtrArray *array, const gchar *separator)
{
	GString *str;
	if ((array == NULL) || (array->len == 0))
		return NULL;

	str = g_string_new ("");
	for (guint i = 0; i < array->len; i++) {
		g_string_append_printf (str,
					"%s%s",
					(const gchar*) g_ptr_array_index (array, i),
					separator);
	}
	if (str->len >= 1)
		g_string_truncate (str, str->len -1);

	return g_string_free (str, FALSE);
}

/**
 * as_filebasename_from_uri:
 *
 * Get the file basename from an URI.
 * This is the last component of the path, with any query or fragment
 * stripped off.
 *
 * Returns: The filename.
 */
gchar*
as_filebasename_from_uri (const gchar *uri)
{
	gchar *tmp;
	gchar *bname;

	if (uri == NULL)
		return NULL;
	bname = g_path_get_basename (uri);

	tmp = g_strstr_len (bname, -1, "?");
	if (tmp != NULL)
		tmp[0] = '\0';
	tmp = g_strstr_len (bname, -1, "#");
	if (tmp != NULL)
		tmp[0] = '\0';

	return bname;
}

/**
 * as_date_time_format_iso8601:
 * @datetime: A #GDateTime
 *
 * Format datetime in ISO 8601 format.
 *
 * Compatibility wrapper to support GLib < 2.62.
 * This function can go away if we bump the GLib minimal version.
 */
gchar*
as_date_time_format_iso8601 (GDateTime *datetime)
{
#if GLIB_CHECK_VERSION(2,62,0)
	return g_date_time_format_iso8601 (datetime);
#else
	GString *outstr = NULL;
	gchar *main_date = NULL;
	gint64 offset;

	/* Main date and time. */
	main_date = g_date_time_format (datetime, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S");
	outstr = g_string_new (main_date);
	g_free (main_date);

	/* Timezone. Format it as `%:::z` unless the offset is zero, in which case
	 * we can simply use `Z`. */
	offset = g_date_time_get_utc_offset (datetime);

	if (offset == 0) {
		g_string_append_c (outstr, 'Z');
	} else {
		gchar *time_zone = g_date_time_format (datetime, "%:::z");
		g_string_append (outstr, time_zone);
		g_free (time_zone);
	}

	return g_string_free (outstr, FALSE);
#endif
}

/**
 * as_strstripnl:
 * @string: a string to remove surrounding whitespaces and newlines
 *
 * Removes newlines and whitespaces surrounding a string.
 *
 * This function doesn't allocate or reallocate any memory;
 * it modifies @string in place.
 *
 * As opposed to g_strstrip() this function also removes newlines
 * from the start and end of strings.
 *
 * Returns: @string
 */
gchar*
as_strstripnl (gchar *string)
{
	gsize len;
	guchar *start;
	if (string == NULL)
		return NULL;

	/* remove trailing whitespaces/newlines */
	len = strlen (string);
	while (len--) {
		const guchar c = string[len];
		if (g_ascii_isspace (c) || (c == '\n'))
			string[len] = '\0';
		else
			break;
	}

	/* remove leading whitespaces/newlines */
	for (start = (guchar*) string;
	     *start && (g_ascii_isspace (*start) || ((*start) == '\n'));
	     start++)
	;

	memmove (string, start, strlen ((gchar *) start) + 1);
	return string;
}

/**
 * as_ref_string_release:
 * @rstr: a #GRefString to release.
 *
 * This function works exactly like %g_ref_string_release, except
 * that it does not throw an error if %NULL is passed to it.
 */
void
as_ref_string_release (GRefString *rstr)
{
	if (rstr == NULL)
		return;
	g_ref_string_release (rstr);
}

/**
 * as_ref_string_assign_safe:
 * @rstr_ptr: (out): a #AsRefString
 * @str: a string, or a #AsRefString
 *
 * This function unrefs and clears @rstr_ptr if set, then sets @rstr if
 * non-NULL. If @rstr and @rstr_ptr are the same string the action is ignored.
 *
 * This function should be used when @str cannot be guaranteed to be a
 * refcounted string and is suitable for use in existing object setters.
 */
void
as_ref_string_assign_safe (GRefString **rstr_ptr, const gchar *str)
{
	g_return_if_fail (rstr_ptr != NULL);
	if (*rstr_ptr != NULL) {
		g_ref_string_release (*rstr_ptr);
		*rstr_ptr = NULL;
	}
	if (str != NULL)
		*rstr_ptr = g_ref_string_new_intern (str);
}

/**
 * as_ref_string_assign_transfer:
 * @rstr_ptr: (out): a #AsRefString
 * @new_rstr: a #AsRefString
 *
 * Clear the previous refstring in @rstr_ptr and move the new string @new_rstr in its place,
 * without increasing its reference count again.
 */
void
as_ref_string_assign_transfer (GRefString **rstr_ptr, GRefString *new_rstr)
{
	g_return_if_fail (rstr_ptr != NULL);
	if (*rstr_ptr != NULL) {
		g_ref_string_release (*rstr_ptr);
		*rstr_ptr = NULL;
	}
	if (new_rstr != NULL)
		*rstr_ptr = new_rstr;
}

/**
 * as_utils_extract_tarball:
 *
 * Internal helper function to extract a tarball with tar.
 */
gboolean
as_utils_extract_tarball (const gchar *filename, const gchar *target_dir, GError **error)
{
	g_autofree gchar *wdir = NULL;
	gboolean ret;
	gint exit_status;
	const gchar *argv[] = { "/bin/tar",
				"-xzf",
				filename,
				"-C",
				target_dir,
				NULL };

	g_return_val_if_fail (filename != NULL, FALSE);

	if (!as_utils_is_writable (target_dir)) {
		g_set_error_literal (error,
				     AS_UTILS_ERROR,
				     AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
				     "Can not extract tarball: target directory is not writable.");
		return FALSE;
	}

	wdir = g_path_get_dirname (filename);
	if (g_strcmp0 (wdir, ".") == 0)
		g_clear_pointer (&wdir, g_free);

	ret = g_spawn_sync (wdir,
			    (gchar**) argv,
			    NULL, /* envp */
			    G_SPAWN_CLOEXEC_PIPES,
			    NULL, /* child_setup */
			    NULL, /* child_setup udata */
			    NULL, /* stdout */
			    NULL, /* stderr */
			    &exit_status,
			    error);
	if (!ret) {
		g_prefix_error (error, "Unable to run tar: ");
		return FALSE;
	}
	if (exit_status == 0)
		return TRUE;

	g_set_error (error,
		     AS_UTILS_ERROR,
		     AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
		     "Tarball extraction failed with 'tar' exit-code %i.",
		     exit_status);
	return FALSE;
}

/**
 * as_metadata_location_get_prefix:
 */
static const gchar*
as_metadata_location_get_prefix (AsMetadataLocation location)
{
	if (location == AS_METADATA_LOCATION_SHARED)
		return "/usr/share";
	if (location == AS_METADATA_LOCATION_CACHE)
		return "/var/cache";
	if (location == AS_METADATA_LOCATION_STATE)
		return "/var/lib";
	if (location == AS_METADATA_LOCATION_USER)
		return g_get_user_data_dir ();
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * as_utils_install_metadata_file_internal:
 */
static gboolean
as_utils_install_metadata_file_internal (const gchar *filename,
					 const gchar *origin,
					 const gchar *dir,
					 const gchar *destdir,
					 gboolean is_yaml,
					 GError **error)
{
	gchar *tmp;
	g_autofree gchar *basename = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *path_dest = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *path_parent = NULL;
	g_autoptr(GFile) file_dest = NULL;
	g_autoptr(GFile) file_src = NULL;

	/* create directory structure */
	path_parent = g_strdup_printf ("%s%s", destdir, dir);
	if (g_mkdir_with_parents (path_parent, 0755) != 0) {
		g_set_error (error,
			     AS_UTILS_ERROR,
			     AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
			     "Failed to create %s", path_parent);
		return FALSE;
	}

	/* calculate the new destination */
	file_src = g_file_new_for_path (filename);
	basename = g_path_get_basename (filename);
	if (origin != NULL) {
		g_autofree gchar *basename_new = NULL;
		tmp = g_strstr_len (basename, -1, ".");
		if (tmp == NULL) {
			g_set_error (error,
				     AS_UTILS_ERROR,
				     AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
				     "Name of metadata collection file is invalid %s",
				     basename);
			return FALSE;
		}
		basename_new = g_strdup_printf ("%s%s", origin, tmp);
		/* replace the fedora.xml.gz into %{origin}.xml.gz */
		path_dest = g_build_filename (path_parent, basename_new, NULL);
	} else {
		path_dest = g_build_filename (path_parent, basename, NULL);
	}

	/* actually copy file */
	file_dest = g_file_new_for_path (path_dest);
	if (!g_file_copy (file_src, file_dest,
			  G_FILE_COPY_OVERWRITE,
			  NULL, NULL, NULL, error))
		return FALSE;

	/* update the origin for XML files */
	if (origin != NULL && !is_yaml) {
		g_autoptr(AsMetadata) mdata = as_metadata_new ();
		as_metadata_set_locale (mdata, "ALL");
		if (!as_metadata_parse_file (mdata, file_dest, AS_FORMAT_KIND_XML, error))
			return FALSE;
		as_metadata_set_origin (mdata, origin);
		if (!as_metadata_save_collection (mdata, path_dest, AS_FORMAT_KIND_XML, error))
			return FALSE;
	}

	g_chmod (path_dest, 0755);
	return TRUE;
}

/**
 * as_utils_install_icon_tarball:
 */
static gboolean
as_utils_install_icon_tarball (AsMetadataLocation location,
				const gchar *filename,
				const gchar *origin,
				const gchar *size_id,
				const gchar *destdir,
				GError **error)
{
	g_autofree gchar *dir = NULL;
	dir = g_strdup_printf ("%s%s/app-info/icons/%s/%s",
			       destdir,
			       as_metadata_location_get_prefix (location),
			       origin,
			       size_id);
	if (g_mkdir_with_parents (dir, 0755) != 0) {
		g_set_error (error,
			     AS_UTILS_ERROR,
			     AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
			     "Failed to create %s", dir);
		return FALSE;
	}

	if (!as_utils_extract_tarball (filename, dir, error))
		return FALSE;
	return TRUE;
}

/**
 * as_utils_install_metadata_file:
 * @location: the #AsMetadataLocation, e.g. %AS_METADATA_LOCATION_CACHE
 * @filename: the full path of the file to install
 * @origin: the origin to use for the installation, or %NULL
 * @destdir: the destdir to use, or %NULL
 * @error: A #GError or %NULL
 *
 * Installs an AppStream MetaInfo, AppStream Metadata Collection or AppStream Icon tarball file
 * to the right place on the filesystem.
 * Please note that this function does almost no validation and may guess missing values such
 * as icon sizes and origin names.
 * Ensure your metadata is good before installing it.
 *
 * Returns: %TRUE for success, %FALSE if error is set
 *
 * Since: 0.14.0
 **/
gboolean
as_utils_install_metadata_file (AsMetadataLocation location,
				const gchar *filename,
				const gchar *origin,
				const gchar *destdir,
				GError **error)
{
	gboolean ret = FALSE;
	g_autofree gchar *basename = NULL;
	g_autofree gchar *path = NULL;
	const gchar *icons_size_id = NULL;
	const gchar *icons_size_ids[] = { "48x48",
					  "48x48@2",
					  "64x64",
					  "64x64@2",
					  "128x128",
					  "128x128@2",
					  NULL };

	/* default value */
	if (destdir == NULL)
		destdir = "";
	if (location == AS_METADATA_LOCATION_USER)
		destdir = "";

	switch (as_metadata_file_guess_style (filename)) {
	case AS_FORMAT_STYLE_COLLECTION:
		if (g_strstr_len (filename, -1, ".yml.gz") != NULL) {
			path = g_build_filename (as_metadata_location_get_prefix (location),
						 "app-info", "yaml", NULL);
			ret = as_utils_install_metadata_file_internal (filename, origin, path, destdir, TRUE, error);
		} else {
			path = g_build_filename (as_metadata_location_get_prefix (location),
						 "app-info", "xmls", NULL);
			ret = as_utils_install_metadata_file_internal (filename, origin, path, destdir, FALSE, error);
		}
		break;
	case AS_FORMAT_STYLE_METAINFO:
		if (location == AS_METADATA_LOCATION_CACHE || location == AS_METADATA_LOCATION_STATE) {
			g_set_error_literal (error,
					     AS_UTILS_ERROR,
					     AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
					     "System cache and state locations are unsupported for MetaInfo files");
			return FALSE;
		}
		path = g_build_filename (as_metadata_location_get_prefix (location),
					 "metainfo", NULL);
		ret = as_utils_install_metadata_file_internal (filename, NULL, path, destdir, FALSE, error);
		break;
	default:
		basename = g_path_get_basename (filename);

		if (g_str_has_suffix (basename, ".tar.gz")) {
			gchar *tmp;
			g_autofree gchar *tmp2 = NULL;
			/* we may have an icon tarball */

			/* guess icon size */
			for (guint i = 0; icons_size_ids[i] != NULL; i++) {
				if (g_strstr_len (basename, -1, icons_size_ids[i]) != NULL) {
					icons_size_id = icons_size_ids[i];
					break;
				}
			}

			if (icons_size_id == NULL) {
				g_set_error_literal (error,
					AS_UTILS_ERROR,
					AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
					"Unable to find valid icon size in icon tarball name.");
				return FALSE;
			}

			/* install icons if we know the origin name */
			if (origin != NULL) {
				ret = as_utils_install_icon_tarball (location, filename, origin, icons_size_id, destdir, error);
				break;
			}

			/* guess origin */
			tmp2 = g_strdup_printf ("_icons-%s.tar.gz", icons_size_id);
			tmp = g_strstr_len (basename, -1, tmp2);
			if (tmp != NULL) {
				*tmp = '\0';
				ret = as_utils_install_icon_tarball (location, filename, basename, icons_size_id, destdir, error);
				break;
			}
		}

		/* unrecognised */
		g_set_error_literal (error,
				     AS_UTILS_ERROR,
				     AS_UTILS_ERROR_FAILED,
				     "Can not process files of this type.");
		break;
	}

	return ret;
}

/**
 * as_get_user_cache_dir:
 *
 * Obtain the user-specific data cache directory for AppStream.
 *
 * Since: 0.14.2
 */
gchar*
as_get_user_cache_dir ()
{
	const gchar *cache_root;
	if (as_utils_is_root ()) {
		cache_root = g_get_tmp_dir ();
	} else {
		cache_root = g_get_user_cache_dir ();
		if (cache_root == NULL || !g_file_test (cache_root, G_FILE_TEST_IS_DIR))
			cache_root = g_get_tmp_dir ();
	}
	return g_build_filename (cache_root, "appstream", NULL);
}

/**
 * as_unichar_accepted:
 *
 * Test if the unicode character is in the accepted set for
 * string values in AppStream.
 *
 * We permit any printable, non-spacing, format or zero-width space characters, as
 * well as enclosing marks and U+00AD SOFT HYPHEN
 */
gboolean
as_unichar_accepted (gunichar c)
{
	return g_unichar_isprint (c) || g_unichar_iszerowidth (c) || c == 173;
}
