Qt 4.8: QUdpSocket Class Reference

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# QUdpSocket Class Reference

The QUdpSocket class provides a UDP socket. More...

     #include <QUdpSocket>

Inherits: QAbstractSocket.

Note: All functions in this class are reentrant.

- List of all members, including inherited members

## Public Types

enum | BindFlag { ShareAddress, DontShareAddress, ReuseAddressHint, DefaultForPlatform }
flags | BindMode

## Public Functions

| QUdpSocket ( QObject * parent = 0 )
virtual | ~QUdpSocket ()
bool | bind ( const QHostAddress & address, quint16 port )
bool | bind ( const QHostAddress & address, quint16 port, BindMode mode )
bool | bind ( quint16 port = 0 )
bool | bind ( quint16 port, BindMode mode )
bool | hasPendingDatagrams () const
bool | joinMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress )
bool | joinMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress, const QNetworkInterface & iface )
bool | leaveMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress )
bool | leaveMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress, const QNetworkInterface & iface )
QNetworkInterface | multicastInterface () const
qint64 | pendingDatagramSize () const
qint64 | readDatagram ( char * data, qint64 maxSize, QHostAddress * address = 0, quint16 * port = 0 )
void | setMulticastInterface ( const QNetworkInterface & iface )
qint64 | writeDatagram ( const char * data, qint64 size, const QHostAddress & address, quint16 port )
qint64 | writeDatagram ( const QByteArray & datagram, const QHostAddress & host, quint16 port )

- 32 public functions inherited from QAbstractSocket
- 33 public functions inherited from QIODevice
- 29 public functions inherited from QObject

### Additional Inherited Members

- 1 property inherited from QObject
- 1 public slot inherited from QObject
- 6 signals inherited from QAbstractSocket
- 4 signals inherited from QIODevice
- 1 signal inherited from QObject
- 7 static public members inherited from QObject
- 10 protected functions inherited from QAbstractSocket
- 5 protected functions inherited from QIODevice
- 8 protected functions inherited from QObject
- 2 protected slots inherited from QAbstractSocket

## Detailed Description

The QUdpSocket class provides a UDP socket.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a lightweight, unreliable, datagram-oriented, connectionless protocol. It can be used when reliability isn't important. QUdpSocket is a subclass of QAbstractSocket that allows you to send and receive UDP datagrams.

The most common way to use this class is to bind to an address and port using bind(), then call writeDatagram() and readDatagram() to transfer data. If you want to use the standard QIODevice functions read(), readLine(), write(), etc., you must first connect the socket directly to a peer by calling connectToHost().

The socket emits the bytesWritten() signal every time a datagram is written to the network. If you just want to send datagrams, you don't need to call bind().

The readyRead() signal is emitted whenever datagrams arrive. In that case, hasPendingDatagrams() returns true. Call pendingDatagramSize() to obtain the size of the first pending datagram, and readDatagram() to read it.

Note: An incoming datagram should be read when you receive the readyRead() signal, otherwise this signal will not be emitted for the next datagram.

Example:

     void Server::initSocket()
     {
         udpSocket = new QUdpSocket(this);
         udpSocket->bind(QHostAddress::LocalHost, 7755);

         connect(udpSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()),
                 this, SLOT(readPendingDatagrams()));
     }

     void Server::readPendingDatagrams()
     {
         while (udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams()) {
             QByteArray datagram;
             datagram.resize(udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize());
             QHostAddress sender;
             quint16 senderPort;

             udpSocket->readDatagram(datagram.data(), datagram.size(),
                                     &sender, &senderPort);

             processTheDatagram(datagram);
         }
     }

QUdpSocket also supports UDP multicast. Use joinMulticastGroup() and leaveMulticastGroup() to control group membership, and QAbstractSocket::MulticastTtlOption and QAbstractSocket::MulticastLoopbackOption to set the TTL and loopback socket options. Use setMulticastInterface() to control the outgoing interface for multicast datagrams, and multicastInterface() to query it.

With QUdpSocket, you can also establish a virtual connection to a UDP server using connectToHost() and then use read() and write() to exchange datagrams without specifying the receiver for each datagram.

The Broadcast Sender, Broadcast Receiver, Multicast Sender, and Multicast Receiver examples illustrate how to use QUdpSocket in applications.

### Symbian Platform Security Requirements

On Symbian, processes which use this class must have the `NetworkServices` platform security capability. If the client process lacks this capability, operations will result in a panic.

Platform security capabilities are added via the TARGET.CAPABILITY qmake variable.

See also QTcpSocket.

## Member Type Documentation

### enum QUdpSocket::BindFlag
flags QUdpSocket::BindMode

This enum describes the different flags you can pass to modify the behavior of QUdpSocket::bind().

Note: On Symbian OS bind flags behaviour depends on process capabilties. If process has NetworkControl capability, the bind attempt with ReuseAddressHint will always succeed even if the address and port is already bound by another socket with any flags. If process does not have NetworkControl capability, the bind attempt to address and port already bound by another socket will always fail.

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`QUdpSocket::ShareAddress` | `0x1` | Allow other services to bind to the same address and port. This is useful when multiple processes share the load of a single service by listening to the same address and port (e.g., a web server with several pre-forked listeners can greatly improve response time). However, because any service is allowed to rebind, this option is subject to certain security considerations. Note that by combining this option with ReuseAddressHint, you will also allow your service to rebind an existing shared address. On Unix, this is equivalent to the SO_REUSEADDR socket option. On Windows, this option is ignored.
`QUdpSocket::DontShareAddress` | `0x2` | Bind the address and port exclusively, so that no other services are allowed to rebind. By passing this option to QUdpSocket::bind(), you are guaranteed that on successs, your service is the only one that listens to the address and port. No services are allowed to rebind, even if they pass ReuseAddressHint. This option provides more security than ShareAddress, but on certain operating systems, it requires you to run the server with administrator privileges. On Unix and Mac OS X, not sharing is the default behavior for binding an address and port, so this option is ignored. On Windows, this option uses the SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE socket option.
`QUdpSocket::ReuseAddressHint` | `0x4` | Provides a hint to QUdpSocket that it should try to rebind the service even if the address and port are already bound by another socket. On Windows, this is equivalent to the SO_REUSEADDR socket option. On Unix, this option is ignored.
`QUdpSocket::DefaultForPlatform` | `0x0` | The default option for the current platform. On Unix and Mac OS X, this is equivalent to (DontShareAddress + ReuseAddressHint), and on Windows, its equivalent to ShareAddress.

This enum was introduced or modified in Qt 4.1.

The BindMode type is a typedef for QFlags<BindFlag>. It stores an OR combination of BindFlag values.

## Member Function Documentation

### QUdpSocket::QUdpSocket ( QObject * parent = 0 )

Creates a QUdpSocket object.

parent is passed to the QObject constructor.

See also socketType().

### QUdpSocket::~QUdpSocket ()`[virtual]`

Destroys the socket, closing the connection if necessary.

See also close().

### bool QUdpSocket::bind ( const QHostAddress & address, quint16 port )

Binds this socket to the address address and the port port. When bound, the signal readyRead() is emitted whenever a UDP datagram arrives on the specified address and port. This function is useful to write UDP servers.

On success, the functions returns true and the socket enters BoundState; otherwise it returns false.

The socket is bound using the DefaultForPlatform BindMode.

See also readDatagram().

### bool QUdpSocket::bind ( const QHostAddress & address, quint16 port, BindMode mode )

This is an overloaded function.

Binds to address on port port, using the BindMode mode.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.1.

### bool QUdpSocket::bind ( quint16 port = 0 )

This is an overloaded function.

Binds to QHostAddress:Any on port port.

### bool QUdpSocket::bind ( quint16 port, BindMode mode )

This is an overloaded function.

Binds to QHostAddress:Any on port port, using the BindMode mode.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.1.

### bool QUdpSocket::hasPendingDatagrams () const

Returns true if at least one datagram is waiting to be read; otherwise returns false.

See also pendingDatagramSize() and readDatagram().

### bool QUdpSocket::joinMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress )

Joins the the multicast group specified by groupAddress on the default interface chosen by the operating system. The socket must be in BoundState, otherwise an error occurs.

This function returns true if successful; otherwise it returns false and sets the socket error accordingly.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also leaveMulticastGroup().

### bool QUdpSocket::joinMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress, const QNetworkInterface & iface )

This is an overloaded function.

Joins the multicast group address groupAddress on the interface iface.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also leaveMulticastGroup().

### bool QUdpSocket::leaveMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress )

Leaves the multicast group specified by groupAddress on the default interface chosen by the operating system. The socket must be in BoundState, otherwise an error occurs.

This function returns true if successful; otherwise it returns false and sets the socket error accordingly.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also joinMulticastGroup().

### bool QUdpSocket::leaveMulticastGroup ( const QHostAddress & groupAddress, const QNetworkInterface & iface )

This is an overloaded function.

Leaves the multicast group specified by groupAddress on the interface iface.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also joinMulticastGroup().

### QNetworkInterface QUdpSocket::multicastInterface () const

Returns the interface for the outgoing interface for multicast datagrams. This corresponds to the IP_MULTICAST_IF socket option for IPv4 sockets and the IPV6_MULTICAST_IF socket option for IPv6 sockets. If no interface has been previously set, this function returns an invalid QNetworkInterface. The socket must be in BoundState, otherwise an invalid QNetworkInterface is returned.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also setMulticastInterface().

### qint64 QUdpSocket::pendingDatagramSize () const

Returns the size of the first pending UDP datagram. If there is no datagram available, this function returns -1.

See also hasPendingDatagrams() and readDatagram().

### qint64 QUdpSocket::readDatagram ( char * data, qint64 maxSize, QHostAddress * address = 0, quint16 * port = 0 )

Receives a datagram no larger than maxSize bytes and stores it in data. The sender's host address and port is stored in *address and *port (unless the pointers are 0).

Returns the size of the datagram on success; otherwise returns -1.

If maxSize is too small, the rest of the datagram will be lost. To avoid loss of data, call pendingDatagramSize() to determine the size of the pending datagram before attempting to read it. If maxSize is 0, the datagram will be discarded.

See also writeDatagram(), hasPendingDatagrams(), and pendingDatagramSize().

### void QUdpSocket::setMulticastInterface ( const QNetworkInterface & iface )

Sets the outgoing interface for multicast datagrams to the interface iface. This corresponds to the IP_MULTICAST_IF socket option for IPv4 sockets and the IPV6_MULTICAST_IF socket option for IPv6 sockets. The socket must be in BoundState, otherwise this function does nothing.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See also multicastInterface(), joinMulticastGroup(), and leaveMulticastGroup().

### qint64 QUdpSocket::writeDatagram ( const char * data, qint64 size, const QHostAddress & address, quint16 port )

Sends the datagram at data of size size to the host address address at port port. Returns the number of bytes sent on success; otherwise returns -1.

Datagrams are always written as one block. The maximum size of a datagram is highly platform-dependent, but can be as low as 8192 bytes. If the datagram is too large, this function will return -1 and error() will return DatagramTooLargeError.

Sending datagrams larger than 512 bytes is in general disadvised, as even if they are sent successfully, they are likely to be fragmented by the IP layer before arriving at their final destination.

Warning: In S60 5.0 and earlier versions, the writeDatagram return value is not reliable for large datagrams.

Warning: Calling this function on a connected UDP socket may result in an error and no packet being sent. If you are using a connected socket, use write() to send datagrams.

See also readDatagram() and write().

### qint64 QUdpSocket::writeDatagram ( const QByteArray & datagram, const QHostAddress & host, quint16 port )

This is an overloaded function.

Sends the datagram datagram to the host address host and at port port.