Subject: Re: Getting Mail headers without mail prog???

From: [email-masked] (Daniel W. McRobb)
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 1995 20:54:29 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> Paul O Bartlett <[email-masked]> writes:

   Return-Receipt-To: [email-masked]

   On 17 Oct 1995, Danny van der Rijn wrote:

   | In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Dan LeGate) writes:
   | 
   | >So my question is: does anyone know of any 
   | >SMALL utilities out there that will list just your mail headers (besides 
   | >mail and mailx)?  Thanks for any help or information you can provide.
   | 
   | /usr/ucb/from

       This is fine provided all of your incoming mail is in your INBOX 
   (i.e., still in the mail spool).  However, I, like _many_ people, use a 
   utility such as procmail (or filter) to pre-sort mail into various 
   folders before I ever invoke my mail reader (Pine, in my case).  I have 
   been wanting a utility (Perl OK) that would list the headers of mail not 
   only remaining in the INBOX but also in pre-sorted folders.

   Paul

My personal prefernce is to use 'scan -file filename'.  scan is part
of the MH package.  I believe a crusty version comes w/ AIX, but
you're probably better off building the latest if you don't have it on
your system.  'frm' doesn't have enough flexibility for me, and it
only spits out the From and Subject fields.  I prefer to have more
info, so I alias 'frm' to this:

scan -form scan.spool -file $MAIL

My scan.spool:

%<(cur)+%| %>%<{replied}-%| %>\
%02(mon{date})/%02(mday{date}) \
%02(hour{date}):%02(min{date}) %3(tzone{date})\
%<{date}  %|*%>\
%<(mymbox{from})--> %5(mbox{to}) %|%8(mbox{from})  %>|\
%{subject}%<{body}<<%{body}%>

Daniel
~~~~~~

---

From: [email-masked]. (Anders Waller)
Date: 23 Oct 1995 14:15:23 GMT

EIU#114155 in SSB B-12 LAB ([email-masked]) wrote:
: In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (John F. Haugh II) writes:
: >From: [email-masked] (John F. Haugh II)
: >Subject: Re: Getting Mail headers without mail prog???
: >Date: Tue, 10 Oct 1995 20:19:31 GMT

: >In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Dan LeGate) writes:
: >>Okay, our sysadmin has cut off rights to /usr/bin/mail and /usr/bin/mailx 
: >>and has allowed us only to use Pine, which I absolutely love, but I also 
: >>like to use mail (or mailx) to list my mail headers (mail -H).  To my 
: >>knowledge, pine doesn't have a simple command-line feature to do this - 
: >>correct me if I'm wrong.  So my question is: does anyone know of any 
: >>SMALL utilities out there that will list just your mail headers (besides 
: >>mail and mailx)?  Thanks for any help or information you can provide.

: >Is "awk" out of the question???  This sounds like a trick question ...

Hm, I wrote an alias once, before I found out about the from command.
Here it is:
alias from	'more $MAILPATH | grep From | grep -v "<" | grep -v From: | cut -f2- -d" " ;echo ""; echo "Total Mail and current mailpath:" ; du -k $MAILPATH \!*'

Of course you have to have the environment variable MAILPATH set to whereever 
your mail is. It can easily be improved so it can show how many mails you got.

: >-- 
: >John F. Haugh II                                       PSP Division, IBM/Austin
: >SneakerNet: 905/4E016                                      MaBell: 512-823-8817
: >InterNet: [email-masked]   [Member SECA]                VNET: JFH at AUSTIN

/Anders Waller

---

From: Sven Guckes <[email-masked]>
Date: 23 Oct 95 18:36:32 GMT

[email-masked]. (Anders Waller) writes:
>>>>So my question is: does anyone know of any SMALL utilities out there that
>>>>will list just your mail headers (besides mail and mailx)?
>>>Is "awk" out of the question???  This sounds like a trick question ...

Well, this looks at *all* lines which contain "From".
It should be "^From: ", though.
And even this does not skip "included non-quoted mails".

So - could somebody give a better script?  PERL, anyone?
I'd promise the best script a postcard from Berlin.
How about one of the "wrapped Reichstag"?

I intend to add these scripts the "ELM Pages" (see sig)
so that I can point people to it when the question arises yet again.

Sven

Cc: [email-masked]. (Anders Waller) <-- spurious dot at end of address

-- 
ELM - the "Easy Learn Mail" program.   Newsgroup: comp.mail.elm
The "ELM Pages" - all about ELM on the World Wide Web:
     http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/elm/
ELM versions:	Latest release:  ELM2.4PL24     [940920]
		Latest ME patch: ELM2.4PL24ME8b [951012]
		Latest alpha:    ELM2.5a08      [950908]
--
http://www.math.fu-berlin.de/~guckes/.signature

---

From: [email-masked] (Scott H. Perlman)
Date: 24 Oct 1995 21:02:11 GMT

Sven Guckes ([email-masked]) wrote:
:> [email-masked]. (Anders Waller) writes:
:> >>>>So my question is: does anyone know of any SMALL utilities out there that
:> >>>>will list just your mail headers (besides mail and mailx)?
:> >>>Is "awk" out of the question???  This sounds like a trick question ...
:> >Hm, I wrote an alias once, before I found out about the from command.
:> >Here it is:
:> >alias from	'more $MAILPATH | grep From | grep -v "<" | grep -v From: | cut -f2- -d" " ;echo ""; echo "Total Mail and current mailpath:" ; du -k $MAILPATH \!*'

:> Well, this looks at *all* lines which contain "From".
:> It should be "^From: ", though.
:> And even this does not skip "included non-quoted mails".

:> So - could somebody give a better script?  PERL, anyone?
:> I'd promise the best script a postcard from Berlin.
:> How about one of the "wrapped Reichstag"?

:> I intend to add these scripts the "ELM Pages" (see sig)
:> so that I can point people to it when the question arises yet again.

I may be missing the point on the scripts, but /usr/ucb/from works for me.

the local mail spool is /var/mail
> from ../..$HOME/FILE
works just fine.
if the files aren't in $HOME, then put the correct path....

Scott
-- 
"The only thing I learned | "I try never to let my schooling get in the
in college is that a lot  | way of my education"  - Sam Clemens 
of people go to college"  |    Scott H. [email-masked]
  -- Bob Dylan            |  http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~perlman/

---

From: Anders Waller <[email-masked]>
Date: Tue, 31 Oct 1995 09:37:50 +0100

> And even this does not skip "included non-quoted mails".

Correct...Been playing some with egrep, seems the following works, havent 
tested it much yet though...Im sure theres some case whereas it doesnt 
work.

alias from	'more $MAILPATH | egrep "^From: | ^From "

> Sven

/Anders

> 
> Cc: [email-masked]. (Anders Waller)
> 
> --

---

From: [email-masked]
Date: 31 Oct 1995 11:54:22 GMT

>alias from	'more $MAILPATH | egrep "^From: | ^From "

Aehem, isn't this an useless use of more? egrep "..." $MAILPATH should give the same result.

On many systems, MAILPATH is a colon separated list of files, not just one file. Something
like

OIFS=$IFS
IFS=:
set -- $MAILPATH
IFS=$OIFS
egrep "^From: |^From " $@

is probably better in these cases.

gruss, pat

-- 
I don't speak for UBS, I just work here.

---

From: [email-masked] (Paul Murphy)
Date: 13 Oct 1995 11:03:55 -0600

Chris ([email-masked]) wrote:
: Dan LeGate ([email-masked]) wrote:
: : knowledge, pine doesn't have a simple command-line feature to do this - 
: : correct me if I'm wrong.  So my question is: does anyone know of any 
: : SMALL utilities out there that will list just your mail headers (besides 
: : mail and mailx)?  Thanks for any help or information you can provide.

: In pine, when you want to see full headers, it's either h or H (I forget which)
: .  You might have to turn this on while you're actually reading a letter, but
: then it's on at other times as well (for example, it quotes the full header
: when replying).  That's the closest to what you want that pine gets (I think).

In pine, go to the main menu, then setup|config.
Then, 'w' to search for the word header in the config screen.
When you find 'enable-full-headers-command' check it.
Then, the command is 'h' or 'H', (not case sensitive).

Now if anyone can tell me why the similar command in 'tin' fails for me, 
I'll be happy.  (Ctrl-h resultxs in 'Bad Command' error message.  Maybe it
thinks I'm trying to backspace)

Oh, by the way, I trimmed the huge list of newsgroups that this question was 
originally posted on.

-- 
[email-masked]                   University of Colorado @ Denver
                    DOS is the wound.  Windows is the scab.

---

From: [email-masked] (EIU#114155 in SSB B-12 LAB)
Date: Mon, 16 Oct 1995 19:28:27

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (John F. Haugh II) writes:
>From: [email-masked] (John F. Haugh II)
>Subject: Re: Getting Mail headers without mail prog???
>Date: Tue, 10 Oct 1995 20:19:31 GMT

>In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Dan LeGate) writes:
>>Okay, our sysadmin has cut off rights to /usr/bin/mail and /usr/bin/mailx 
>>and has allowed us only to use Pine, which I absolutely love, but I also 
>>like to use mail (or mailx) to list my mail headers (mail -H).  To my 
>>knowledge, pine doesn't have a simple command-line feature to do this - 
>>correct me if I'm wrong.  So my question is: does anyone know of any 
>>SMALL utilities out there that will list just your mail headers (besides 
>>mail and mailx)?  Thanks for any help or information you can provide.

>John F. Haugh II                                       PSP Division, IBM/Austin
>SneakerNet: 905/4E016                                      MaBell: 512-823-8817
>InterNet: [email-masked]   [Member SECA]                VNET: JFH at AUSTIN

---

From: [email-masked] (Danny van der Rijn)
Date: 17 Oct 1995 22:30:12 GMT

In article <[email-masked]> [email-masked] (Dan LeGate) writes:

>So my question is: does anyone know of any 

/usr/ucb/from

>Dan
--
This opinion will self destruct in 5 seconds.
Danny van der [email-masked]   || Take my advice ---
                                          || *I'm* certainly not using it.
(415) 506-3142                            ||

---

From: [email-masked] (Jason Fesler)
Date: 10 Oct 95 08:40:21

-=> Quoting [email-masked] to All <=-

 dl> feature to do this -  correct me if I'm wrong.  So my question is: does
 dl> anyone know of any  SMALL utilities out there that will list just your
 dl> mail headers (besides  mail and mailx)?  Thanks for any help or
 dl> information you can provide. 

I'd cheat.  

egrep "From:|Subject:" /var/mail/jfesler

There are more elegant solutions than that, but.. ;-).

--
| Jason Fesler | Disguised as jfesler or [email-masked] when working
| GIGO support mailing list: [email-masked], msg body "subscribe gigo"
| Remember kids, don't park and drive - accidents make people!

---

From: [email-masked] (Brendan Murray)
Date: 18 Oct 1995 22:49:15 GMT

> only remaining in the INBOX but also in pre-sorted folders.

If you use filter then I guess elm is there as well? If thats so then
the elm facility 'frm' is available to you, and you can point it at
alternative folders.

---

From: [email-masked] (Roger Binns)
Date: 9 Oct 1995 17:57:52 GMT

Dan LeGate ([email-masked]) wrote:
: correct me if I'm wrong.  So my question is: does anyone know of any 
: SMALL utilities out there that will list just your mail headers (besides 
: mail and mailx)?  Thanks for any help or information you can provide.

frm from elm.

Roger
--
Roger Binns      [email-masked]      |  I treat my body like a temple.
Software Engineer                    |  That's why I leave the shoes on the
SCO Client Integration Division      |  outside.
Vision Park, Cambridge, UK           |                 -- Dennis Leary

---

From: Mike Brudenell <[email-masked]>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 1995 09:17:25 +0100 (BST)

As I mentioned once before, I have written a Perl script that provides 
similar functionality to Elm's "frm" script but (I hope) is rather more 
reliable at counting messages and has a slightly pretty display.

It can be used on a particular folder if a path to the folder is given
(eg, /var/mail/xyz1 or ./pine-info-list), otherwise it treats its argument
as a username to check the mail folder for in the mail directory (useful 
for Super-Users!).

You can find out more, and get the software, from

	http://www.york.ac.uk/ftparchive/unix/messages/

Cheers,

Mike Brudenell                                         <[email-masked]>
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Computing Service, University of York, Heslington, York, YO1 5DD, UK
Tel: +44-1904-433811  FAX: +44-1904-433740  http://www.york.ac.uk/~pmb1/

---

From: [email-masked] (Soren Dayton)
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 1995 04:08:08 GMT

> only remaining in the INBOX but also in pre-sorted folders.

	for file in $folders
	do
		scan -format formatstring -file $file
	done

	If you have mh.  This would seem to solve the problem very well.  If
you use mh then something like this might be better

	folder -push
	for file in $folders
	do
		scan -format formatstring +$folder
	done
	folder -pop

Of course this will take forever...  Procmail users might dump headers
to a file and then look at that.

Soren

---

From: DAMIN ESTES <destes@haywire>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 1995 23:33:43 -0700

hey, can you view the gif files in vt100 mode on a PC.  Also how do you 
download files with pine to a floppy?

---

From: Sven Guckes <[email-masked]>
Date: 19 Oct 95 13:07:31 GMT

DAMIN ESTES <destes@haywire> writes:
>hey, can you view the gif files in vt100 mode on a PC.
>Also how do you download files with pine to a floppy?

TROLL ALERT!

Sven

Followup-To: alt.fan.trolling

---

From: Howard Jess <[email-masked]>
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 1995 09:32:21 -0900 (pdt)

> the elm facility 'frm' is available to you, and you can point it at

Or, if you -do- use use procmail, then the mailstat script that 
accompanies it may be useful:

#! /bin/sh
: &&O='cd .' || exec /bin/sh "$0" $argv:q # we're in a csh, feed myself to sh
$O || exec /bin/sh "$0" "$@"		  # we're in a buggy zsh
#################################################################
#	mailstat	shows mail-arrival statistics		#
#								#
#	Parses a procmail-generated $LOGFILE and displays	#
#	a summary about the messages delivered to all folders	#
#	(total size, average size, nr of messages).		#
#	Exit code 0 if mail arrived, 1 if no mail arrived.	#
#								#
#	For help try, "mailstat -h"				#
#								#
#	Customise to your heart's content, this file is only	#
#	provided as a guideline.				#
#								#
#	Created by S.R. van den Berg, The Netherlands		#
#	This file can be freely copied for any use.		#
#################################################################
#$Id: mailstat,v 1.20 1994/05/26 14:11:54 berg Exp $

#	This shell script expects the following programs to be in the
#	PATH (paths given here are the standard locations, your mileage
#	may vary (if the programs can not be found, extend the PATH or
#	put their absolute pathnames in here):

test=test		# /bin/test
echo=echo		# /bin/echo
expr=expr		# /bin/expr
tty=tty			# /bin/tty
sed=sed			# /bin/sed
sort=sort		# /bin/sort
awk=awk			# /usr/bin/awk
cat=cat			# /bin/cat
mv=mv			# /bin/mv
ls=ls			# /bin/ls

PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
SHELL=/bin/sh		# just in case
export SHELL PATH

umask 077		# we don't allow everyone to read the tmpfiles
OLDSUFFIX=.old

DEVNULL=/dev/null
EX_USAGE=64

########
#	(Concatenated) flags parsing in pure, portable, structured (it
#	would have been more elegant if gotos were permitted) shellscript
#	language.  For added pleasure: a quick demonstration of the shell's
#	quoting capabilities :-).
########

while $test $# != 0 -a a"$1" != a-- -a \
 \( 0 != `$expr "X$1" : X-.` -o $# != 1 \)
do
  if $expr "X$1" : X-. >$DEVNULL	# structured-programming spaghetti
  then
     flags="$1"; shift
  else
     flags=-h				# force help page
  fi
  while flags=`$expr "X$flags" : 'X.\(.*\)'`; $test ."$flags" != .
  do
     case "$flags" in
	 k*) MSkeeplogfile=1;;
	 l*) MSlong=1;;
	 a*) MSlong=1;;
	 m*) MSmergerror=1;;
	 o*) MSoldlog=1; MSkeeplogfile=1;;
	 t*) MSterse=1;;
	 s*) MSsilent=1;;
	 h*|\?*) $echo 'Usage: mailstat [-aklmots] [logfile]' 1>&2
	    $echo '	-k	keep logfile intact' 1>&2
	    $echo '	-l|-a 	long display format' 1>&2
	    $echo '	-m	merge any errors into one line' 1>&2
	    $echo '	-o	use the old logfile' 1>&2
	    $echo '	-t	terse display format' 1>&2
	    $echo '	-s	silent in case of no mail' 1>&2
	    exit $EX_USAGE;;
	 *) $echo 'Usage: mailstat [-klmots] [logfile]' 1>&2; exit $EX_USAGE;;
     esac
  done
done

$test a"$1" = a-- && shift

if [ "$1" ] ; then
  LOGFILE="$1"
else
  if test .$MAILRC = .
  then
    MAILDIR = $HOME
  else
    MAILDIR=`dirname $MAILRC`
  fi
  LOGFILE=$MAILDIR/from
fi

case "$LOGFILE" in
  *$OLDSUFFIX) MSkeeplogfile=1; OLDLOGFILE="$LOGFILE";;
  *) OLDLOGFILE="$LOGFILE$OLDSUFFIX";;
esac

if test .$MSoldlog = .1
then
  LOGFILE="$OLDLOGFILE"
fi

if $test ."$LOGFILE" != .- -a ."$LOGFILE" != .
then
  if $test ! -s "$LOGFILE"
  then
     if $test .$MSsilent = .
     then
	if $test -f "$LOGFILE"	# split up the following nested backquote
	then			# expression, some shells (NET2) choked on it
	   info=`LANG= LC_TIME= $ls -l "$OLDLOGFILE"`
	   $echo No mail arrived since \
	    `$expr "X$info" : \
	     '.*[0-9] \(... .[^ ] .....\) [^ ]'`
	else
	   $echo "Can't find your LOGFILE=$LOGFILE"
	fi
     fi
     exit 1
  fi
else
  if $test ."$LOGFILE" != .- && $tty -s
  then
     $echo \
      "Most people don't type their own logfiles;  but, what do I care?" 1>&2
     MSterse=1
  fi
  MSkeeplogfile=1; LOGFILE=
fi

if $test .$MSkeeplogfile = .
then $mv "$LOGFILE" "$OLDLOGFILE"; $cat $DEVNULL >>"$LOGFILE"
else OLDLOGFILE="$LOGFILE"
fi

if $test .$MSterse = .
then
  if $test .$MSlong = .1
  then
     $echo ""
     $echo "  Total Average  Number Folder"
     $echo "  ----- -------  ------ ------"
  else
     $echo ""
     $echo "  Total  Number Folder"
     $echo "  -----  ------ ------"
  fi
fi

if $test .$MSlong = .1
then MSlong='"%7d %7d %7d %s\n",total,total/messages,messages,folder'
else MSlong='"%7d %7d %s\n",total,messages,folder'
fi

TMPF=/tmp/maillog.$$

trap "rm -f $TMPF; exit 2" 1 2 3 15
trap "rm -f $TMPF; exit 0" 0

########
#	And now we descend into the wonderful mix of shell-quoting and
#	portable awk-programming :-)
########

rm -f $TMPF
$cat >$TMPF <<HERE
BEGIN {
    FS="\\t";
  }
  { if(folder!=\$1)
     { if(folder!="")
	  printf($MSlong);
       messages=0;total=0;folder=\$1;
     }
    ++messages;total+=\$2;
  }
END {
    if(folder!="")
       printf($MSlong);
  }
HERE

########
#	Only to end in a grand finale with your average sed script
########

if $test .$MSmergerror = .
then
  $sed	-e '/^From /d' -e '/^ [Ss][uU][bB][jJ][eE][cC][tT]:/d' \
   -e '/^  Folder/s/		*/	/' \
   -e '/^  Folder/s/\/msg.[-0-9A-Za-z_][-0-9A-Za-z_]*	/\/	/' \
   -e '/^  Folder/s/\/[0-9][0-9]*	/\/.	/' \
   -e 's/^  Folder: \(.*\)/\1/' -e t -e 's/	/\\t/g' \
   -e 's/^/ ## /' $OLDLOGFILE | $sort | $awk -f $TMPF -
else
  $sed	-e '/^From /d' -e '/^ [Ss][uU][bB][jJ][eE][cC][tT]:/d' \
   -e '/^  Folder/s/		*/	/' \
   -e '/^  Folder/s/\/msg.[-0-9A-Za-z_][-0-9A-Za-z_]*	/\/	/' \
   -e '/^  Folder/s/\/[0-9][0-9]*	/\/.	/' \
   -e 's/^  Folder: \(.*\)/\1/' -e t \
   -e 's/.*/ ## diagnostic messages ##/' $OLDLOGFILE | $sort | $awk -f $TMPF -
fi

########
#	Nifty little script, isn't it?
#	Now why didn't *you* come up with this truly trivial script? :-)
########

---

From: Paul O Bartlett <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 1995 10:43:27 -0400

Paul
--------------------------------------------------
Paul O. Bartlett         <[email-masked]>
P. O. Box 857     Vienna, VA 22183-0857     U.S.A.
Finger, keyserver, or email for PGP 2.6 public key
--------------------------------------------------

---

From: [email-masked] (Mr S H Bonner)
Date: 20 Oct 1995 14:02:18 +0100

In article <[email-masked]>,
>>Also how do you download files with pine to a floppy?

aww, rubbish the answer is
giftoppm $* | ppmscale -xsize 80 | pnminvert | ppmtopgm | pgmtopbm | pbmtoascii

assuming you have the right tools.

Works fine for me to view gifs on my vt100.

To download files, you might try something along the lines of setting 
your default printer on your pc to be to output to a file, (no idea if 
this is possible on a pc) and then set your pine printer option on the 
unix box to be 1) attached-to-ansi then "print" the files you wish to save.

Otherwise Export and then ftp.

>Followup-To: alt.fan.trolling

Stephen. (pah, kids today never get the real answers to queries.)

---

From: [email-masked] (Christian Mallwitz)
Date: 20 Oct 1995 13:08:09 GMT

>> only remaining in the INBOX but also in pre-sorted folders.

what please is procmail?
email welcome

cheers christian

--
Christian Mallwitz     Technische Hochschule Leipzig
www:    http://www.th-leipzig.de/~mallwitz/home.html
pgp: 02 30 7E 1A 7A C1 5C 16 2B 4D 53 A9 1B 05 F7 DD

---

From: the mole <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 1995 10:08:19 GMT

>>>>> "pb" == Paul O Bartlett <[email-masked]> writes:

    pb> However, I, like _many_ people, use a utility such as procmail
    pb> (or filter) to pre-sort mail into various folders before I
    pb> ever invoke my mail reader (Pine, in my case).  I have been
    pb> wanting a utility (Perl OK) that would list the headers of
    pb> mail not only remaining in the INBOX but also in pre-sorted
    pb> folders.

if you use procmail take a look at the program 'mailstat' that comes
with it: it shows how you mail was sorted (and if you read the plain
file created by mailstat it also shows the headers).

hth,

tm
-- 
      /                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  the mole
__  __/   __  __      . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  [email-masked]
   /     /   /   /   . . . . . . . . . . . . http://www.muc.de/~mgloede/
__/   __/ __/ __/   . . . . . . . http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~markusg/

---

From: Paul O Bartlett <[email-masked]>
Date: Fri, 20 Oct 1995 11:51:18 -0400

On 20 Oct 1995, Christian Mallwitz wrote:

| [email-masked] (Brendan Murray) writes:
| 
| >Paul O Bartlett ([email-masked]) wrote:
| >> On 17 Oct 1995, Danny van der Rijn wrote:
| 
| >> | [nested stuff omitted]
| 
| what please is procmail?

    Procmail is a mail pre-processing package written and supported by 
Stephen van der Berg (sp?) that runs under Unix and Unix-like systems.  
It can do many things with mail after it is delivered and before it is 
processed by a mail-user agent (pine, elm, whatever).  Many people use 
procmail to sort incoming mail into various separate folders (such as 
mailing list mail each into their own), although procmail will do much 
more than this.  To do much more than simple mail filtering, it seems to 
be assumed that the user knows a lot about Unix.

Paul