VIM: pi_netrw

## PI_NETRW

    *netrw.txt*	*pi_netrw.txt*

    	    NETRW REFERENCE MANUAL    by Charles E. Campbell

    Original Author:  Charles E. Campbell

    Copyright: Copyright (C) 2017 Charles E Campbell    *netrw-copyright*
    	The VIM LICENSE applies to the files in this package, including
    	netrw.vim, netrw.txt, and syntax/netrw.vim.
    	Like anything else that's free, netrw.vim and its
    	associated files are provided *as is* and comes with no warranty of
    	any kind, either expressed or implied.  No guarantees of
    	merchantability.  No guarantees of suitability for any purpose.  By
    	using this plugin, you agree that in no event will the copyright
    	holder be liable for any damages resulting from the use of this
    	software. Use at your own risk!  For bug reports, see |bugs|.

    		*netrw*
    		*dav*    *ftp*    *netrw-file*  *rcp*    *scp*
    		*davs*   *http*   *netrw.vim*   *rsync*  *sftp*
    		*fetch*  *network*

    1. Contents						*netrw-contents* {{{1

    1.  Contents..............................................|netrw-contents|
    2.  Starting With Netrw...................................|netrw-start|
    3.  Netrw Reference.......................................|netrw-ref|
          EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS.................|netrw-externapp|
          READING.............................................|netrw-read|
          WRITING.............................................|netrw-write|
          SOURCING............................................|netrw-source|
          DIRECTORY LISTING...................................|netrw-dirlist|
          CHANGING THE USERID AND PASSWORD....................|netrw-chgup|
          VARIABLES AND SETTINGS..............................|netrw-variables|
          PATHS...............................................|netrw-path|
    4.  Network-Oriented File Transfer........................|netrw-xfer|
          NETRC...............................................|netrw-netrc|
          PASSWORD............................................|netrw-passwd|
    5.  Activation............................................|netrw-activate|
    6.  Transparent Remote File Editing.......................|netrw-transparent|
    7.  Ex Commands...........................................|netrw-ex|
    8.  Variables and Options.................................|netrw-variables|
    9.  Browsing..............................................|netrw-browse|
          Introduction To Browsing............................|netrw-intro-browse|
          Quick Reference: Maps...............................|netrw-browse-maps|
          Quick Reference: Commands...........................|netrw-browse-cmds|
          Banner Display......................................|netrw-I|
          Bookmarking A Directory.............................|netrw-mb|
          Browsing............................................|netrw-cr|
          Squeezing the Current Tree-Listing Directory........|netrw-s-cr|
          Browsing With A Horizontally Split Window...........|netrw-o|
          Browsing With A New Tab.............................|netrw-t|
          Browsing With A Vertically Split Window.............|netrw-v|
          Change Listing Style (thin wide long tree)..........|netrw-i|
          Changing To A Bookmarked Directory..................|netrw-gb|
          Quick hide/unhide of dot-files......................|netrw-gh|
          Changing local-only File Permission.................|netrw-gp|
          Changing To A Predecessor Directory.................|netrw-u|
          Changing To A Successor Directory...................|netrw-U|
          Deleting Bookmarks..................................|netrw-mB|
          Deleting Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-D|
          Directory Exploring Commands........................|netrw-explore|
          Exploring With Stars and Patterns...................|netrw-star|
          Displaying Information About File...................|netrw-qf|
          Edit File Or Directory Hiding List..................|netrw-ctrl-h|
          Editing The Sorting Sequence........................|netrw-S|
          Forcing treatment as a file or directory............|netrw-gd| |netrw-gf|
          Going Up............................................|netrw--|
          Hiding Files Or Directories.........................|netrw-a|
          Improving Browsing..................................|netrw-ssh-hack|
          Listing Bookmarks And History.......................|netrw-qb|
          Making A New Directory..............................|netrw-d|
          Making The Browsing Directory The Current Directory.|netrw-cd|
          Marking Files.......................................|netrw-mf|
          Unmarking Files.....................................|netrw-mF|
          Marking Files By Location List......................|netrw-qL|
          Marking Files By QuickFix List......................|netrw-qF|
          Marking Files By Regular Expression.................|netrw-mr|
          Marked Files: Arbitrary Shell Command...............|netrw-mx|
          Marked Files: Arbitrary Shell Command, En Bloc......|netrw-mX|
          Marked Files: Arbitrary Vim Command.................|netrw-mv|
          Marked Files: Argument List.........................|netrw-ma| |netrw-mA|
          Marked Files: Buffer List...........................|netrw-cb| |netrw-cB|
          Marked Files: Compression And Decompression.........|netrw-mz|
          Marked Files: Copying...............................|netrw-mc|
          Marked Files: Diff..................................|netrw-md|
          Marked Files: Editing...............................|netrw-me|
          Marked Files: Grep..................................|netrw-mg|
          Marked Files: Hiding and Unhiding by Suffix.........|netrw-mh|
          Marked Files: Moving................................|netrw-mm|
          Marked Files: Sourcing..............................|netrw-ms|
          Marked Files: Setting the Target Directory..........|netrw-mt|
          Marked Files: Tagging...............................|netrw-mT|
          Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks......|netrw-Tb|
          Marked Files: Target Directory Using History........|netrw-Th|
          Marked Files: Unmarking.............................|netrw-mu|
          Netrw Browser Variables.............................|netrw-browser-var|
          Netrw Browsing And Option Incompatibilities.........|netrw-incompatible|
          Obtaining A File....................................|netrw-O|
          Preview Window......................................|netrw-p|
          Previous Window.....................................|netrw-P|
          Refreshing The Listing..............................|netrw-ctrl-l|
          Reversing Sorting Order.............................|netrw-r|
          Renaming Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-R|
          Selecting Sorting Style.............................|netrw-s|
          Setting Editing Window..............................|netrw-C|
    10. Problems and Fixes....................................|netrw-problems|
    11. Credits...............................................|netrw-credits|

    2. Starting With Netrw					*netrw-start* {{{1

    Netrw makes reading files, writing files, browsing over a network, and
    local browsing easy!  First, make sure that you have plugins enabled, so
    you'll need to have at least the following in your <.vimrc>:
    (or see |netrw-activate|)

    	set nocp                    " 'compatible' is not set
    	filetype plugin on          " plugins are enabled

    (see 'cp' and |:filetype-plugin-on|)

    Netrw supports "transparent" editing of files on other machines using urls
    (see |netrw-transparent|). As an example of this, let's assume you have an
    account on some other machine; if you can use scp, try:

    	vim scp://hostname/path/to/file

    Want to make ssh/scp easier to use? Check out |netrw-ssh-hack|!

    So, what if you have ftp, not ssh/scp?  That's easy, too; try

    	vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file

    Want to make ftp simpler to use?  See if your ftp supports a file called
    <.netrc> -- typically it goes in your home directory, has read/write
    permissions for only the user to read (ie. not group, world, other, etc),
    and has lines resembling

    	machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
    	machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
    	...
    	default          login USERID password "PASSWORD"

    Windows' ftp doesn't support .netrc; however, one may have in one's .vimrc:

       let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\MyUserName\MACHINE'

    Netrw will substitute the host's machine name for "MACHINE" from the URL it is
    attempting to open, and so one may specify
    	userid
    	password
    for each site in a separate file: c:\Users\MyUserName\MachineName.

    Now about browsing -- when you just want to look around before editing a
    file.  For browsing on your current host, just "edit" a directory:

    	vim .
    	vim /home/userid/path

    For browsing on a remote host, "edit" a directory (but make sure that
    the directory name is followed by a "/"):

    	vim scp://hostname/
    	vim ftp://hostname/path/to/dir/

    See |netrw-browse| for more!

    There are more protocols supported by netrw than just scp and ftp, too: see the
    next section, |netrw-externapp|, on how to use these external applications with
    netrw and vim.

    PREVENTING LOADING					*netrw-noload*

    If you want to use plugins, but for some reason don't wish to use netrw, then
    you need to avoid loading both the plugin and the autoload portions of netrw.
    You may do so by placing the following two lines in your <.vimrc>:

    	:let g:loaded_netrw       = 1
    	:let g:loaded_netrwPlugin = 1

    3. Netrw Reference					*netrw-ref* {{{1

       Netrw supports several protocols in addition to scp and ftp as mentioned
       in |netrw-start|.  These include dav, fetch, http,... well, just look
       at the list in |netrw-externapp|.  Each protocol is associated with a
       variable which holds the default command supporting that protocol.

    EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS			*netrw-externapp* {{{2

    	Protocol  Variable	       Default Value
    	--------  ----------------     -------------
    	   dav:   *g:netrw_dav_cmd*      = "cadaver"    if cadaver is executable
    	   dav:   g:netrw_dav_cmd      = "curl -o"    elseif curl is available
    	 fetch:   *g:netrw_fetch_cmd*    = "fetch -o"   if fetch is available
    	   ftp:   *g:netrw_ftp_cmd*      = "ftp"
    	  http:   *g:netrw_http_cmd*     = "elinks"     if   elinks  is available
    	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "links"      elseif links is available
    	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "curl"       elseif curl  is available
    	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "wget"       elseif wget  is available
    	  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "fetch"      elseif fetch is available
    	  http:   *g:netrw_http_put_cmd* = "curl -T"
    	   rcp:   *g:netrw_rcp_cmd*      = "rcp"
    	 rsync:   *g:netrw_rsync_cmd*    = "rsync"     (see |g:netrw_rsync_sep|)
    	   scp:   *g:netrw_scp_cmd*      = "scp -q"
    	  sftp:   *g:netrw_sftp_cmd*     = "sftp"
    	  file:   *g:netrw_file_cmd*     = "elinks" or "links"

    	*g:netrw_http_xcmd* : the option string for http://... protocols are
    	specified via this variable and may be independently overridden.  By
    	default, the option arguments for the http-handling commands are:

    		    elinks : "-source >"
    		    links  : "-dump >"
    		    curl   : "-L -o"
    		    wget   : "-q -O"
    		    fetch  : "-o"

    	For example, if your system has elinks, and you'd rather see the
    	page using an attempt at rendering the text, you may wish to have
    		let g:netrw_http_xcmd= "-dump >"
    	in your .vimrc.

    	g:netrw_http_put_cmd: this option specifies both the executable and
    	any needed options.  This command does a PUT operation to the url.

    READING						*netrw-read* *netrw-nread* {{{2

    	Generally, one may just use the URL notation with a normal editing
    	command, such as

    		:e ftp://[user@]machine/path

    	Netrw also provides the Nread command:

    	:Nread ?					give help
    	:Nread "machine:path"				uses rcp
    	:Nread "machine path"				uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
    	:Nread "machine id password path"		uses ftp
    	:Nread "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
    	:Nread "fetch://[user@]machine/path"		uses fetch
    	:Nread "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
    	:Nread "http://[user@]machine/path"		uses http  uses wget
    	:Nread "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
    	:Nread "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
    	:Nread "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
    	:Nread "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp

    WRITING					*netrw-write* *netrw-nwrite* {{{2

    	One may just use the URL notation with a normal file writing
    	command, such as

    		:w ftp://[user@]machine/path

    	Netrw also provides the Nwrite command:

    	:Nwrite ?					give help
    	:Nwrite "machine:path"				uses rcp
    	:Nwrite "machine path"				uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
    	:Nwrite "machine id password path"		uses ftp
    	:Nwrite "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
    	:Nwrite "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
    	:Nwrite "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
    	:Nwrite "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
    	:Nwrite "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
    	:Nwrite "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp
    	http: not supported!

    SOURCING					*netrw-source* {{{2

    	One may just use the URL notation with the normal file sourcing
    	command, such as

    		:so ftp://[user@]machine/path

    	Netrw also provides the Nsource command:

    	:Nsource ?					give help
    	:Nsource "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
    	:Nsource "fetch://[user@]machine/path"		uses fetch
    	:Nsource "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
    	:Nsource "http://[user@]machine/path"		uses http  uses wget
    	:Nsource "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
    	:Nsource "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
    	:Nsource "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
    	:Nsource "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp

    DIRECTORY LISTING		*netrw-trailingslash* *netrw-dirlist* {{{2

    	One may browse a directory to get a listing by simply attempting to
    	edit the directory:

    		:e scp://[user]@hostname/path/
    		:e ftp://[user]@hostname/path/

    	For remote directory listings (ie. those using scp or ftp), that
    	trailing "/" is necessary (the slash tells netrw to treat the argument
    	as a directory to browse instead of as a file to download).

    	The Nread command may also be used to accomplish this (again, that
    	trailing slash is necessary):

    		:Nread [protocol]://[user]@hostname/path/

    					*netrw-login* *netrw-password*
    CHANGING USERID AND PASSWORD		*netrw-chgup* *netrw-userpass* {{{2

    	Attempts to use ftp will prompt you for a user-id and a password.
    	These will be saved in global variables |g:netrw_uid| and
    	|s:netrw_passwd|; subsequent use of ftp will re-use those two strings,
    	thereby simplifying use of ftp.  However, if you need to use a
    	different user id and/or password, you'll want to call |NetUserPass()|
    	first.  To work around the need to enter passwords, check if your ftp
    	supports a <.netrc> file in your home directory.  Also see
    	|netrw-passwd| (and if you're using ssh/scp hoping to figure out how
    	to not need to use passwords for scp, look at |netrw-ssh-hack|).

    	:NetUserPass [uid [password]]		-- prompts as needed
    	:call NetUserPass()			-- prompts for uid and password
    	:call NetUserPass("uid")		-- prompts for password
    	:call NetUserPass("uid","password")	-- sets global uid and password

    (Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|)

    NETRW VARIABLES AND SETTINGS				*netrw-variables* {{{2
        (Also see:
        |netrw-browser-var|     : netrw browser option variables
        |netrw-protocol|        : file transfer protocol option variables
        |netrw-settings|        : additional file transfer options
        |netrw-browser-options| : these options affect browsing directories
        )

    Netrw provides a lot of variables which allow you to customize netrw to your
    preferences.  Most such settings are described below, in
    |netrw-browser-options|, and in |netrw-externapp|:

     *b:netrw_lastfile*	last file Network-read/written retained on a
    			per-buffer basis (supports plain :Nw )

     *g:netrw_bufsettings*	the settings that netrw buffers have
    			(default) noma nomod nonu nowrap ro nobl

     *g:netrw_chgwin*	specifies a window number where subsequent file edits
    			will take place.  (also see |netrw-C|)
    			(default) -1

     *g:Netrw_funcref*	specifies a function (or functions) to be called when
    			netrw edits a file.  The file is first edited, and
    			then the function reference (|Funcref|) is called.
    			This variable may also hold a |List| of Funcrefs.
    			(default) not defined.  (the capital in g:Netrw...
    			is required by its holding a function reference)

    			    Example: place in .vimrc; affects all file opening
    			    fun! MyFuncRef()
    			    endfun
    			    let g:Netrw_funcref= function("MyFuncRef")

     *g:Netrw_UserMaps*	specifies a function or |List| of functions which can
    			be used to set up user-specified maps and functionality.
    			See |netrw-usermaps|

     *g:netrw_ftp*		   if it doesn't exist, use default ftp
    			=0 use default ftp		       (uid password)
    			=1 use alternate ftp method	  (user uid password)
    			   If you're having trouble with ftp, try changing the
    			   value of this variable to see if the alternate ftp
    			   method works for your setup.

     *g:netrw_ftp_options*     Chosen by default, these options are supposed to
    			 turn interactive prompting off and to restrain ftp
    			 from attempting auto-login upon initial connection.
    			 However, it appears that not all ftp implementations
    			 support this (ex. ncftp).
    		        ="-i -n"

     *g:netrw_ftpextracmd*	default: doesn't exist
    			If this variable exists, then any string it contains
    			will be placed into the commands set to your ftp
    			client.  As an example:
    			   ="passive"

     *g:netrw_ftpmode*	="binary"				    (default)
    			="ascii"

     *g:netrw_ignorenetrc*	=0 (default for linux, cygwin)
    			=1 If you have a <.netrc> file but it doesn't work and
    			   you want it ignored, then set this variable as
    			   shown. (default for Windows + cmd.exe)

     *g:netrw_menu*		=0 disable netrw's menu
    			=1 (default) netrw's menu enabled

     *g:netrw_uid*		(ftp) user-id,      retained on a per-vim-session basis
     *s:netrw_passwd*	(ftp) password,     retained on a per-vim-session basis

     *g:netrw_preview*	=0 (default) preview window shown in a horizontally
    			   split window
    			=1 preview window shown in a vertically split window.
    			   Also affects the "previous window" (see |netrw-P|)
    			   in the same way.
    			The |g:netrw_alto| variable may be used to provide
    			additional splitting control:
    				g:netrw_preview g:netrw_alto result
    				         0             0     |:aboveleft|
    				         0             1     |:belowright|
    				         1             0     |:topleft|
    				         1             1     |:botright|
    			To control sizing, see |g:netrw_winsize|

     *g:netrw_scpport*	= "-P" : option to use to set port for scp
     *g:netrw_sshport*	= "-p" : option to use to set port for ssh

     *g:netrw_sepchr*	=\0xff
    			=\0x01 for enc == euc-jp (and perhaps it should be for
    			   others, too, please let me know)
    			   Separates priority codes from filenames internally.
    			   See |netrw-p12|.

      *g:netrw_silent*	=0 : transfers done normally
    			=1 : transfers done silently

     *g:netrw_cygwin*	=1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin. Also
    			   permits network browsing to use ls with time and
    			   size sorting (default if windows)
    			=0 assume Windows' scp accepts windows-style paths
    			   Network browsing uses dir instead of ls
    			   This option is ignored if you're using unix

     *g:netrw_use_nt_rcp*	=0 don't use the rcp of WinNT, Win2000 and WinXP
    			=1 use WinNT's rcp in binary mode         (default)

    PATHS							*netrw-path* {{{2

    Paths to files are generally user-directory relative for most protocols.
    It is possible that some protocol will make paths relative to some
    associated directory, however.

    	example:  vim scp://user@host/somefile
    	example:  vim scp://user@host/subdir1/subdir2/somefile

    where "somefile" is in the "user"'s home directory.  If you wish to get a
    file using root-relative paths, use the full path:

    	example:  vim scp://user@host//somefile
    	example:  vim scp://user@host//subdir1/subdir2/somefile

    4. Network-Oriented File Transfer			*netrw-xfer* {{{1

    Network-oriented file transfer under Vim is implemented by a Vim script
    (<netrw.vim>) using plugin techniques.  It currently supports both reading and
    writing across networks using rcp, scp, ftp or ftp+<.netrc>, scp, fetch,
    dav/cadaver, rsync, or sftp.

    http is currently supported read-only via use of wget or fetch.

    <netrw.vim> is a standard plugin which acts as glue between Vim and the
    various file transfer programs.  It uses autocommand events (BufReadCmd,
    FileReadCmd, BufWriteCmd) to intercept reads/writes with url-like filenames.

    	ex. vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file

    The characters preceding the colon specify the protocol to use; in the
    example, it's ftp.  The <netrw.vim> script then formulates a command or a
    series of commands (typically ftp) which it issues to an external program
    (ftp, scp, etc) which does the actual file transfer/protocol.  Files are read
    from/written to a temporary file (under Unix/Linux, /tmp/...) which the
    <netrw.vim> script will clean up.

    Now, a word about Jan Minář's "FTP User Name and Password Disclosure"; first,
    ftp is not a secure protocol.  User names and passwords are transmitted "in
    the clear" over the internet; any snooper tool can pick these up; this is not
    a netrw thing, this is a ftp thing.  If you're concerned about this, please
    try to use scp or sftp instead.

    Netrw re-uses the user id and password during the same vim session and so long
    as the remote hostname remains the same.

    Jan seems to be a bit confused about how netrw handles ftp; normally multiple
    commands are performed in a "ftp session", and he seems to feel that the
    uid/password should only be retained over one ftp session.  However, netrw
    does every ftp operation in a separate "ftp session"; so remembering the
    uid/password for just one "ftp session" would be the same as not remembering
    the uid/password at all.  IMHO this would rapidly grow tiresome as one
    browsed remote directories, for example.

    On the other hand, thanks go to Jan M. for pointing out the many
    vulnerabilities that netrw (and vim itself) had had in handling "crafted"
    filenames.  The |shellescape()| and |fnameescape()| functions were written in
    response by Bram Moolenaar to handle these sort of problems, and netrw has
    been modified to use them.  Still, my advice is, if the "filename" looks like
    a vim command that you aren't comfortable with having executed, don't open it.

    				*netrw-putty* *netrw-pscp* *netrw-psftp*
    One may modify any protocol's implementing external application by setting a
    variable (ex. scp uses the variable g:netrw_scp_cmd, which is defaulted to
    "scp -q").  As an example, consider using PuTTY:

    	let g:netrw_scp_cmd = '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\pscp.exe" -q -batch'
    	let g:netrw_sftp_cmd= '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\psftp.exe"'

    (note: it has been reported that windows 7 with putty v0.6's "-batch" option
           doesn't work, so its best to leave it off for that system)

    See |netrw-p8| for more about putty, pscp, psftp, etc.

    Ftp, an old protocol, seems to be blessed by numerous implementations.
    Unfortunately, some implementations are noisy (ie., add junk to the end of the
    file).  Thus, concerned users may decide to write a NetReadFixup() function
    that will clean up after reading with their ftp.  Some Unix systems (ie.,
    FreeBSD) provide a utility called "fetch" which uses the ftp protocol but is
    not noisy and more convenient, actually, for <netrw.vim> to use.
    Consequently, if "fetch" is available (ie. executable), it may be preferable
    to use it for ftp://... based transfers.

    For rcp, scp, sftp, and http, one may use network-oriented file transfers
    transparently; ie.

    	vim rcp://[user@]machine/path
    	vim scp://[user@]machine/path

    If your ftp supports <.netrc>, then it too can be transparently used
    if the needed triad of machine name, user id, and password are present in
    that file.  Your ftp must be able to use the <.netrc> file on its own, however.

    	vim ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]portnumber]/path

    Windows provides an ftp (typically c:\Windows\System32\ftp.exe) which uses
    an option, -s:filename (filename can and probably should be a full path)
    which contains ftp commands which will be automatically run whenever ftp
    starts.  You may use this feature to enter a user and password for one site:
    	userid
    	password
    				*netrw-windows-netrc*  *netrw-windows-s*
    If |g:netrw_ftp_cmd| contains -s:[path/]MACHINE, then (on Windows machines
    only) netrw will substitute the current machine name requested for ftp
    connections for MACHINE.  Hence one can have multiple machine.ftp files
    containing login and password for ftp.  Example:

        let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\Myself\MACHINE'
        vim ftp://myhost.somewhere.net/

    will use a file

    	C:\Users\Myself\myhost.ftp

    Often, ftp will need to query the user for the userid and password.
    The latter will be done "silently"; ie. asterisks will show up instead of
    the actually-typed-in password.  Netrw will retain the userid and password
    for subsequent read/writes from the most recent transfer so subsequent
    transfers (read/write) to or from that machine will take place without
    additional prompting.

    								*netrw-urls*
      +=================================+============================+============+
      |  Reading                        | Writing                    |  Uses      |
      +=================================+============================+============+
      | DAV:                            |                            |            |
      |  dav://host/path                |                            | cadaver    |
      |  :Nread dav://host/path         | :Nwrite dav://host/path    | cadaver    |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | DAV + SSL:                      |                            |            |
      |  davs://host/path               |                            | cadaver    |
      |  :Nread davs://host/path        | :Nwrite davs://host/path   | cadaver    |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | FETCH:                          |                            |            |
      |  fetch://[user@]host/path       |                            |            |
      |  fetch://[user@]host:http/path  |  Not Available             | fetch      |
      |  :Nread fetch://[user@]host/path|                            |            |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | FILE:                           |                            |            |
      |  file:///*                      | file:///*                  |            |
      |  file://localhost/*             | file://localhost/*         |            |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | FTP:          (*3)              |              (*3)          |            |
      |  ftp://[user@]host/path         | ftp://[user@]host/path     | ftp  (*2)  |
      |  :Nread ftp://host/path         | :Nwrite ftp://host/path    | ftp+.netrc |
      |  :Nread host path               | :Nwrite host path          | ftp+.netrc |
      |  :Nread host uid pass path      | :Nwrite host uid pass path | ftp        |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | HTTP: wget is executable: (*4)  |                            |            |
      |  http://[user@]host/path        |        Not Available       | wget       |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | HTTP: fetch is executable (*4)  |                            |            |
      |  http://[user@]host/path        |        Not Available       | fetch      |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | RCP:                            |                            |            |
      |  rcp://[user@]host/path         | rcp://[user@]host/path     | rcp        |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | RSYNC:                          |                            |            |
      |  rsync://[user@]host/path       | rsync://[user@]host/path   | rsync      |
      |  :Nread rsync://host/path       | :Nwrite rsync://host/path  | rsync      |
      |  :Nread rcp://host/path         | :Nwrite rcp://host/path    | rcp        |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | SCP:                            |                            |            |
      |  scp://[user@]host/path         | scp://[user@]host/path     | scp        |
      |  :Nread scp://host/path         | :Nwrite scp://host/path    | scp  (*1)  |
      +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
      | SFTP:                           |                            |            |
      |  sftp://[user@]host/path        | sftp://[user@]host/path    | sftp       |
      |  :Nread sftp://host/path        | :Nwrite sftp://host/path   | sftp  (*1) |
      +=================================+============================+============+

    	(*1) For an absolute path use scp://machine//path.

    	(*2) if <.netrc> is present, it is assumed that it will
    	work with your ftp client.  Otherwise the script will
    	prompt for user-id and password.

    	(*3) for ftp, "machine" may be machine#port or machine:port
    	if a different port is needed than the standard ftp port

    	(*4) for http:..., if wget is available it will be used.  Otherwise,
    	if fetch is available it will be used.

    Both the :Nread and the :Nwrite ex-commands can accept multiple filenames.

    NETRC							*netrw-netrc*

    The <.netrc> file, typically located in your home directory, contains lines
    therein which map a hostname (machine name) to the user id and password you
    prefer to use with it.

    The typical syntax for lines in a <.netrc> file is given as shown below.
    Ftp under Unix usually supports <.netrc>; ftp under Windows usually doesn't.

    	machine {full machine name} login {user-id} password "{password}"
    	default login {user-id} password "{password}"

    Your ftp client must handle the use of <.netrc> on its own, but if the
    <.netrc> file exists, an ftp transfer will not ask for the user-id or
    password.

    	Note:
    	Since this file contains passwords, make very sure nobody else can
    	read this file!  Most programs will refuse to use a .netrc that is
    	readable for others.  Don't forget that the system administrator can
    	still read the file!  Ie. for Linux/Unix: chmod 600 .netrc

    Even though Windows' ftp clients typically do not support .netrc, netrw has
    a work-around: see |netrw-windows-s|.

    PASSWORD						*netrw-passwd*

    The script attempts to get passwords for ftp invisibly using |inputsecret()|,
    a built-in Vim function.  See |netrw-userpass| for how to change the password
    after one has set it.

    Unfortunately there doesn't appear to be a way for netrw to feed a password to
    scp.  Thus every transfer via scp will require re-entry of the password.
    However, |netrw-ssh-hack| can help with this problem.

    5. Activation						*netrw-activate* {{{1

    Network-oriented file transfers are available by default whenever Vim's
    'nocompatible' mode is enabled.  Netrw's script files reside in your
    system's plugin, autoload, and syntax directories; just the
    plugin/netrwPlugin.vim script is sourced automatically whenever you bring up
    vim.  The main script in autoload/netrw.vim is only loaded when you actually
    use netrw.  I suggest that, at a minimum, you have at least the following in
    your <.vimrc> customization file:

    	set nocp
    	if version >= 600
    	  filetype plugin indent on
    	endif

    By also including the following lines in your .vimrc, one may have netrw
    immediately activate when using [g]vim without any filenames, showing the
    current directory:

    	" Augroup VimStartup:
    	augroup VimStartup
    	  au!
    	  au VimEnter * if expand("%") == "" | e . | endif
    	augroup END

    6. Transparent Remote File Editing		*netrw-transparent* {{{1

    Transparent file transfers occur whenever a regular file read or write
    (invoked via an |:autocmd| for |BufReadCmd|, |BufWriteCmd|, or |SourceCmd|
    events) is made.  Thus one may read, write, or source  files across networks
    just as easily as if they were local files!

    	vim ftp://[user@]machine/path
    	...
    	:wq

    See |netrw-activate| for more on how to encourage your vim to use plugins
    such as netrw.

    For password-free use of scp:, see |netrw-ssh-hack|.

    7. Ex Commands						*netrw-ex* {{{1

    The usual read/write commands are supported.  There are also a few
    additional commands available.  Often you won't need to use Nwrite or
    Nread as shown in |netrw-transparent| (ie. simply use
      :e URL
      :r URL
      :w URL
    instead, as appropriate) -- see |netrw-urls|.  In the explanations
    below, a {netfile} is a URL to a remote file.

    						*:Nwrite*  *:Nw*
    :[range]Nw[rite]	Write the specified lines to the current
    		file as specified in b:netrw_lastfile.
    		(related: |netrw-nwrite|)

    :[range]Nw[rite] {netfile} [{netfile}]...
    		Write the specified lines to the {netfile}.

    						*:Nread*   *:Nr*
    :Nr[ead]	Read the lines from the file specified in b:netrw_lastfile
    		into the current buffer.  (related: |netrw-nread|)

    :Nr[ead] {netfile} {netfile}...
    		Read the {netfile} after the current line.

    						*:Nsource* *:Ns*
    :Ns[ource] {netfile}
    		Source the {netfile}.
    		To start up vim using a remote .vimrc, one may use
    		the following (all on one line) (tnx to Antoine Mechelynck)
    		vim -u NORC -N
    		 --cmd "runtime plugin/netrwPlugin.vim"
    		 --cmd "source scp://HOSTNAME/.vimrc"
    		 (related: |netrw-source|)

    :call NetUserPass()				*NetUserPass()*
    		If g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd don't exist,
    		this function will query the user for them.
    		(related: |netrw-userpass|)

    :call NetUserPass("userid")
    		This call will set the g:netrw_uid and, if
    		the password doesn't exist, will query the user for it.
    		(related: |netrw-userpass|)

    :call NetUserPass("userid","passwd")
    		This call will set both the g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd.
    		The user-id and password are used by ftp transfers.  One may
    		effectively remove the user-id and password by using empty
    		strings (ie. "").
    		(related: |netrw-userpass|)

    8. Variables and Options		*netrw-var* *netrw-settings* {{{1

    (also see: |netrw-options| |netrw-variables| |netrw-protocol|
               |netrw-browser-settings| |netrw-browser-options| )

    The <netrw.vim> script provides several variables which act as options to
    affect <netrw.vim>'s file transfer behavior.  These variables typically may be
    set in the user's <.vimrc> file: (see also |netrw-settings| |netrw-protocol|)
    						*netrw-options*

                            Netrw Options

    	Option			Meaning
    	--------------		-----------------------------------------------

            b:netrw_col             Holds current cursor position (during NetWrite)
            g:netrw_cygwin          =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin
                                                                  (default/windows)
                                    =0 assume scp under windows accepts windows
                                       style paths                (default/else)
            g:netrw_ftp             =0 use default ftp            (uid password)
            g:netrw_ftpmode         ="binary"                     (default)
                                    ="ascii"                      (your choice)
    	g:netrw_ignorenetrc     =1                            (default)
    	                           if you have a <.netrc> file but you don't
    				   want it used, then set this variable.  Its
    				   mere existence is enough to cause <.netrc>
    				   to be ignored.
            b:netrw_lastfile        Holds latest method/machine/path.
            b:netrw_line            Holds current line number     (during NetWrite)
    	g:netrw_silent          =0 transfers done normally
    	                        =1 transfers done silently
            g:netrw_uid             Holds current user-id for ftp.
            g:netrw_use_nt_rcp      =0 don't use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp (default)
                                    =1 use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp, binary mode

    <
    						*netrw-internal-variables*
    The script will also make use of the following variables internally, albeit
    temporarily.

    			     Temporary Variables

    	Variable		Meaning
    	--------		------------------------------------

    	b:netrw_method		Index indicating rcp/ftp+.netrc/ftp
    	w:netrw_method		(same as b:netrw_method)
    	g:netrw_machine		Holds machine name parsed from input
    	b:netrw_fname		Holds filename being accessed

    							*netrw-protocol*

    Netrw supports a number of protocols.  These protocols are invoked using the
    variables listed below, and may be modified by the user.

                               Protocol Control Options

        Option            Type        Setting         Meaning
        ---------         --------    --------------  ---------------------------
        netrw_ftp         variable    =doesn't exist  userid set by "user userid"
                                      =0              userid set by "user userid"
                                      =1              userid set by "userid"
        NetReadFixup      function    =doesn't exist  no change
                                      =exists         Allows user to have files
                                                      read via ftp automatically
                                                      transformed however they wish
                                                      by NetReadFixup()
        g:netrw_dav_cmd      var   ="cadaver"      if cadaver  is executable
        g:netrw_dav_cmd      var   ="curl -o"      elseif curl is executable
        g:netrw_fetch_cmd    var   ="fetch -o"     if fetch is available
        g:netrw_ftp_cmd      var   ="ftp"
        g:netrw_http_cmd     var   ="fetch -o"     if      fetch is available
        g:netrw_http_cmd     var   ="wget -O"      else if wget  is available
        g:netrw_http_put_cmd var   ="curl -T"
        |g:netrw_list_cmd|     var   ="ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME ls -Fa"
        g:netrw_rcp_cmd      var   ="rcp"
        g:netrw_rsync_cmd    var   ="rsync"
        *g:netrw_rsync_sep*    var   ="/"            used to separate the hostname
                                                   from the file spec
        g:netrw_scp_cmd      var   ="scp -q"
        g:netrw_sftp_cmd     var   ="sftp"

    								*netrw-ftp*

    The g:netrw_..._cmd options (|g:netrw_ftp_cmd| and |g:netrw_sftp_cmd|)
    specify the external program to use handle the ftp protocol.  They may
    include command line options (such as -p for passive mode). Example:

    	let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= "ftp -p"

    Browsing is supported by using the |g:netrw_list_cmd|; the substring
    "HOSTNAME" will be changed via substitution with whatever the current request
    is for a hostname.

    Two options (|g:netrw_ftp| and |netrw-fixup|) both help with certain ftp's
    that give trouble .  In order to best understand how to use these options if
    ftp is giving you troubles, a bit of discussion is provided on how netrw does
    ftp reads.

    For ftp, netrw typically builds up lines of one of the following formats in a
    temporary file:

      IF g:netrw_ftp !exists or is not 1     IF g:netrw_ftp exists and is 1
      ----------------------------------     ------------------------------

           open machine [port]                    open machine [port]
           user userid password                   userid password
           [g:netrw_ftpmode]                      password
           [g:netrw_ftpextracmd]                  [g:netrw_ftpmode]
           get filename tempfile                  [g:netrw_extracmd]
                                                  get filename tempfile

    The |g:netrw_ftpmode| and |g:netrw_ftpextracmd| are optional.

    Netrw then executes the lines above by use of a filter:

    	:%! {g:netrw_ftp_cmd} -i [-n]

    where
    	g:netrw_ftp_cmd is usually "ftp",
    	-i tells ftp not to be interactive
    	-n means don't use netrc and is used for Method #3 (ftp w/o <.netrc>)

    If <.netrc> exists it will be used to avoid having to query the user for
    userid and password.  The transferred file is put into a temporary file.
    The temporary file is then read into the main editing session window that
    requested it and the temporary file deleted.

    If your ftp doesn't accept the "user" command and immediately just demands a
    userid, then try putting "let netrw_ftp=1" in your <.vimrc>.

    								*netrw-cadaver*
    To handle the SSL certificate dialog for untrusted servers, one may pull
    down the certificate and place it into /usr/ssl/cert.pem.  This operation
    renders the server treatment as "trusted".

    						*netrw-fixup* *netreadfixup*
    If your ftp for whatever reason generates unwanted lines (such as AUTH
    messages) you may write a NetReadFixup() function:

        function! NetReadFixup(method,line1,line2)
          " a:line1: first new line in current file
          " a:line2: last  new line in current file
          if     a:method == 1 "rcp
          elseif a:method == 2 "ftp + <.netrc>
          elseif a:method == 3 "ftp + machine,uid,password,filename
          elseif a:method == 4 "scp
          elseif a:method == 5 "http/wget
          elseif a:method == 6 "dav/cadaver
          elseif a:method == 7 "rsync
          elseif a:method == 8 "fetch
          elseif a:method == 9 "sftp
          else               " complain
          endif
        endfunction

    The NetReadFixup() function will be called if it exists and thus allows you to
    customize your reading process.

    (Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|)

    9. Browsing		*netrw-browsing* *netrw-browse* *netrw-help* {{{1
    			*netrw-browser*  *netrw-dir*    *netrw-list*

    INTRODUCTION TO BROWSING			*netrw-intro-browse* {{{2
    	(Quick References: |netrw-quickmaps| |netrw-quickcoms|)

    Netrw supports the browsing of directories on your local system and on remote
    hosts; browsing includes listing files and directories, entering directories,
    editing files therein, deleting files/directories, making new directories,
    moving (renaming) files and directories, copying files and directories, etc.
    One may mark files and execute any system command on them!  The Netrw browser
    generally implements the previous explorer's maps and commands for remote
    directories, although details (such as pertinent global variable names)
    necessarily differ.  To browse a directory, simply "edit" it!

    	vim /your/directory/
    	vim .
    	vim c:\your\directory\

    (Related topics: |netrw-cr|  |netrw-o|  |netrw-p| |netrw-P| |netrw-t|
                     |netrw-mf|  |netrw-mx| |netrw-D| |netrw-R| |netrw-v| )

    The Netrw remote file and directory browser handles two protocols: ssh and
    ftp.  The protocol in the url, if it is ftp, will cause netrw also to use ftp
    in its remote browsing.  Specifying any other protocol will cause it to be
    used for file transfers; but the ssh protocol will be used to do remote
    browsing.

    To use Netrw's remote directory browser, simply attempt to read a "file" with
    a trailing slash and it will be interpreted as a request to list a directory:

    	vim [protocol]://[user@]hostname/path/

    where [protocol] is typically scp or ftp.  As an example, try:

    	vim ftp://ftp.home.vim.org/pub/vim/

    For local directories, the trailing slash is not required.  Again, because it's
    easy to miss: to browse remote directories, the URL must terminate with a
    slash!

    If you'd like to avoid entering the password repeatedly for remote directory
    listings with ssh or scp, see |netrw-ssh-hack|.  To avoid password entry with
    ftp, see |netrw-netrc| (if your ftp supports it).

    There are several things you can do to affect the browser's display of files:

    	* To change the listing style, press the "i" key (|netrw-i|).
    	  Currently there are four styles: thin, long, wide, and tree.
    	  To make that change "permanent", see |g:netrw_liststyle|.

    	* To hide files (don't want to see those xyz~ files anymore?) see
    	  |netrw-ctrl-h|.

    	* Press s to sort files by name, time, or size.

    See |netrw-browse-cmds| for all the things you can do with netrw!

    			*netrw-getftype* *netrw-filigree* *netrw-ftype*
    The |getftype()| function is used to append a bit of filigree to indicate
    filetype to locally listed files:

    	directory  : /
    	executable : *
    	fifo       : |
    	links      : @
    	sockets    : =

    The filigree also affects the |g:netrw_sort_sequence|.

    QUICK HELP						*netrw-quickhelp* {{{2
                           (Use ctrl-] to select a topic)
    	Intro to Browsing...............................|netrw-intro-browse|
    	  Quick Reference: Maps.........................|netrw-quickmap|
    	  Quick Reference: Commands.....................|netrw-browse-cmds|
    	Hiding
    	  Edit hiding list..............................|netrw-ctrl-h|
    	  Hiding Files or Directories...................|netrw-a|
    	  Hiding/Unhiding by suffix.....................|netrw-mh|
    	  Hiding  dot-files.............................|netrw-gh|
    	Listing Style
    	  Select listing style (thin/long/wide/tree)....|netrw-i|
    	  Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_liststyle|
    	  Shell command used to perform listing.........|g:netrw_list_cmd|
    	  Quick file info...............................|netrw-qf|
    	Sorted by
    	  Select sorting style (name/time/size).........|netrw-s|
    	  Editing the sorting sequence..................|netrw-S|
    	  Sorting options...............................|g:netrw_sort_options|
    	  Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_sort_sequence|
    	  Reverse sorting order.........................|netrw-r|

    				*netrw-quickmap*  *netrw-quickmaps*
    QUICK REFERENCE: MAPS				*netrw-browse-maps* {{{2

    	  ---			-----------------			----
    	  Map			Quick Explanation			Link
    	  ---			-----------------			----
    	 <F1>	Causes Netrw to issue help
    	 <cr>	Netrw will enter the directory or read the file      |netrw-cr|
    	 <del>	Netrw will attempt to remove the file/directory      |netrw-del|
    	 <c-h>	Edit file hiding list                                |netrw-ctrl-h|
    	 <c-l>	Causes Netrw to refresh the directory listing        |netrw-ctrl-l|
    	 <c-r>	Browse using a gvim server                           |netrw-ctrl-r|
    	 <c-tab> Shrink/expand a netrw/explore window                |netrw-c-tab|
    	   -	Makes Netrw go up one directory                      |netrw--|
    	   a	Cycles between normal display,                       |netrw-a|
    		hiding (suppress display of files matching g:netrw_list_hide)
    		and showing (display only files which match g:netrw_list_hide)
    	   cd	Make browsing directory the current directory        |netrw-cd|
    	   C	Setting the editing window                           |netrw-C|
    	   d	Make a directory                                     |netrw-d|
    	   D	Attempt to remove the file(s)/directory(ies)         |netrw-D|
    	   gb	Go to previous bookmarked directory                  |netrw-gb|
    	   gd	Force treatment as directory                         |netrw-gd|
    	   gf	Force treatment as file                              |netrw-gf|
    	   gh	Quick hide/unhide of dot-files                       |netrw-gh|
    	   gn	Make top of tree the directory below the cursor      |netrw-gn|
    	   gp	Change local-only file permissions                   |netrw-gp|
    	   i	Cycle between thin, long, wide, and tree listings    |netrw-i|
    	   I	Toggle the displaying of the banner                  |netrw-I|
    	   mb	Bookmark current directory                           |netrw-mb|
    	   mc	Copy marked files to marked-file target directory    |netrw-mc|
    	   md	Apply diff to marked files (up to 3)                 |netrw-md|
    	   me	Place marked files on arg list and edit them         |netrw-me|
    	   mf	Mark a file                                          |netrw-mf|
    	   mF	Unmark files                                         |netrw-mF|
    	   mg	Apply vimgrep to marked files                        |netrw-mg|
    	   mh	Toggle marked file suffices' presence on hiding list |netrw-mh|
    	   mm	Move marked files to marked-file target directory    |netrw-mm|
    	   mr	Mark files using a shell-style |regexp|                |netrw-mr|
    	   mt	Current browsing directory becomes markfile target   |netrw-mt|
    	   mT	Apply ctags to marked files                          |netrw-mT|
    	   mu	Unmark all marked files                              |netrw-mu|
    	   mv	Apply arbitrary vim   command to marked files        |netrw-mv|
    	   mx	Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files        |netrw-mx|
    	   mX	Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files en bloc|netrw-mX|
    	   mz	Compress/decompress marked files                     |netrw-mz|
    	   o	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new   |netrw-o|
    		browser window.  A horizontal split is used.
    	   O	Obtain a file specified by cursor                    |netrw-O|
    	   p	Preview the file                                     |netrw-p|
    	   P	Browse in the previously used window                 |netrw-P|
    	   qb	List bookmarked directories and history              |netrw-qb|
    	   qf	Display information on file                          |netrw-qf|
    	   qF	Mark files using a quickfix list                     |netrw-qF|
    	   qL	Mark files using a |location-list|                     |netrw-qL|
    	   r	Reverse sorting order                                |netrw-r|
    	   R	Rename the designated file(s)/directory(ies)         |netrw-R|
    	   s	Select sorting style: by name, time, or file size    |netrw-s|
    	   S	Specify suffix priority for name-sorting             |netrw-S|
    	   t	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new tab|netrw-t|
    	   u	Change to recently-visited directory                 |netrw-u|
    	   U	Change to subsequently-visited directory             |netrw-U|
    	   v	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new   |netrw-v|
    		browser window.  A vertical split is used.
    	   x	View file with an associated program                 |:Open|
    	   X	Execute filename under cursor via |system()|           |netrw-X|

    	   %	Open a new file in netrw's current directory         |netrw-%|

    	*netrw-mouse* *netrw-leftmouse* *netrw-middlemouse* *netrw-rightmouse*
    	<leftmouse>	(gvim only) selects word under mouse as if a <cr>
    			had been pressed (ie. edit file, change directory)
    	<middlemouse>	(gvim only) same as P selecting word under mouse;
    			see |netrw-P|
    	<rightmouse>	(gvim only) delete file/directory using word under
    			mouse
    	<2-leftmouse>	(gvim only) when:
    			 * in a netrw-selected file, AND
    			 * |g:netrw_retmap| == 1       AND
    			 * the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse>
    			   mapping defined before netrw is autoloaded,
    			then a double clicked leftmouse button will return
    			to the netrw browser window.  See |g:netrw_retmap|.
    	<s-leftmouse>	(gvim only) like mf, will mark files.  Dragging
    			the shifted leftmouse will mark multiple files.
    			(see |netrw-mf|)

    	(to disable mouse buttons while browsing: |g:netrw_mousemaps|)

    				*netrw-quickcom* *netrw-quickcoms*
    QUICK REFERENCE: COMMANDS	*netrw-explore-cmds* *netrw-browse-cmds* {{{2
         :Ntree....................................................|netrw-ntree|
         :Explore[!]  [dir] Explore directory of current file......|netrw-explore|
         :Hexplore[!] [dir] Horizontal Split & Explore.............|netrw-explore|
         :Lexplore[!] [dir] Left Explorer Toggle...................|netrw-explore|
         :Nexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
         :Pexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
         :Rexplore          Return to Explorer.....................|netrw-explore|
         :Sexplore[!] [dir] Split & Explore directory .............|netrw-explore|
         :Texplore[!] [dir] Tab & Explore..........................|netrw-explore|
         :Vexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|

    BANNER DISPLAY						*netrw-I*

    One may toggle the displaying of the banner by pressing "I".

    Also See: |g:netrw_banner|

    BOOKMARKING A DIRECTORY		*netrw-mb* *netrw-bookmark* *netrw-bookmarks* {{{2

    One may easily "bookmark" the currently browsed directory by using

    	mb

    								*.netrwbook*
    Bookmarks are retained in between sessions of vim in a file called .netrwbook
    as a |List|, which is typically stored in the first directory on the user's
    'runtimepath'; entries are kept in sorted order.

    If there are marked files and/or directories, mb will add them to the bookmark
    list.

    								*netrw-:NetrwMB*
    Additionally, one may use :NetrwMB to bookmark files or directories.

    	:NetrwMB[!] [files/directories]

     No bang: enters files/directories into Netrw's bookmark system

       No argument and in netrw buffer:
         if there are marked files        : bookmark marked files
         otherwise                        : bookmark file/directory under cursor
       No argument and not in netrw buffer: bookmarks current open file
       Has arguments                      : |glob()|s each arg and bookmarks them

     With bang: deletes files/directories from Netrw's bookmark system

    The :NetrwMB command is available outside of netrw buffers (once netrw has been
    invoked in the session).

    The file ".netrwbook" holds bookmarks when netrw (and vim) is not active.  By
    default, its stored on the first directory on the user's 'runtimepath'.

    Related Topics:
    	|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
    	|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
    	|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks
    	|g:netrw_home| controls where .netrwbook is kept

    BROWSING					*netrw-enter*	*netrw-cr* {{{2

    Browsing is simple: move the cursor onto a file or directory of interest.
    Hitting the <cr> (the return key) will select the file or directory.
    Directories will themselves be listed, and files will be opened using the
    protocol given in the original read request.

      CAVEAT: There are four forms of listing (see |netrw-i|).  Netrw assumes that
      two or more spaces delimit filenames and directory names for the long and
      wide listing formats.  Thus, if your filename or directory name has two or
      more sequential spaces embedded in it, or any trailing spaces, then you'll
      need to use the "thin" format to select it.

    The |g:netrw_browse_split| option, which is zero by default, may be used to
    cause the opening of files to be done in a new window or tab instead of the
    default.  When the option is one or two, the splitting will be taken
    horizontally or vertically, respectively.  When the option is set to three, a
    <cr> will cause the file to appear in a new tab.

    When using the gui (gvim), one may select a file by pressing the <leftmouse>
    button.  In addition, if

     * |g:netrw_retmap| == 1       AND   (its default value is 0)
     * in a netrw-selected file, AND
     * the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse> mapping defined before
       netrw is loaded

    then a doubly-clicked leftmouse button will return to the netrw browser
    window.

    Netrw attempts to speed up browsing, especially for remote browsing where one
    may have to enter passwords, by keeping and re-using previously obtained
    directory listing buffers.  The |g:netrw_fastbrowse| variable is used to
    control this behavior; one may have slow browsing (no buffer re-use), medium
    speed browsing (re-use directory buffer listings only for remote directories),
    and fast browsing (re-use directory buffer listings as often as possible).
    The price for such re-use is that when changes are made (such as new files
    are introduced into a directory), the listing may become out-of-date.  One may
    always refresh directory listing buffers by pressing ctrl-L (see
    |netrw-ctrl-l|).

    								*netrw-s-cr*
    Squeezing the Current Tree-Listing Directory

    When the tree listing style is enabled (see |netrw-i|) and one is using
    gvim, then the <s-cr> mapping may be used to squeeze (close) the
    directory currently containing the cursor.

    Otherwise, one may remap a key combination of one's own choice to get
    this effect:

        nmap <buffer> <silent> <nowait> YOURKEYCOMBO  <Plug>NetrwTreeSqueeze

    Put this line in $HOME/ftplugin/netrw/netrw.vim; it needs to be generated
    for netrw buffers only.

    Related topics:
    	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
    	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
    Associated setting variables:
       |g:netrw_browse_split|	|g:netrw_fastbrowse|
       |g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd|	|g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd|
       |g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd|	|g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject|
       |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|		|g:netrw_use_noswf|

    BROWSING WITH A HORIZONTALLY SPLIT WINDOW	*netrw-o* *netrw-horiz* {{{2

    Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  However, the "o" map
    allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file.  A
    horizontal split is used.  (for vertical splitting, see |netrw-v|)

    Normally, the o key splits the window horizontally with the new window and
    cursor at the top.

    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_alto| |g:netrw_winsize|

    Related topics:
    	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
    	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
    Associated setting variables:
       |g:netrw_alto|    control above/below splitting
       |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

    BROWSING WITH A NEW TAB				*netrw-t* {{{2

    Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  The "t" map
    allows one to open a new window holding the new directory listing or file in
    a new tab.

    If you'd like to have the new listing in a background tab, use |gT|.

    Related topics:
    	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
    	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
    Associated setting variables:
       |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

    BROWSING WITH A VERTICALLY SPLIT WINDOW			*netrw-v* {{{2

    Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  However, the "v" map
    allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file.  A
    vertical split is used.  (for horizontal splitting, see |netrw-o|)

    Normally, the v key splits the window vertically with the new window and
    cursor at the left.

    There is only one tree listing buffer; using "v" on a displayed subdirectory
    will split the screen, but the same buffer will be shown twice.

    Related topics:
    	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
    	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
    Associated setting variables:
       |g:netrw_altv|    control right/left splitting
       |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

    BROWSING USING A GVIM SERVER			*netrw-ctrl-r* {{{2

    One may keep a browsing gvim separate from the gvim being used to edit.
    Use the <c-r> map on a file (not a directory) in the netrw browser, and it
    will use a gvim server (see |g:netrw_servername|).  Subsequent use of <cr>
    (see |netrw-cr|) will re-use that server for editing files.

    Related topics:
    	|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
    	|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
    Associated setting variables:
    	|g:netrw_servername|   : sets name of server
    	|g:netrw_browse_split| : controls how <cr> will open files

    CHANGE LISTING STYLE  (THIN LONG WIDE TREE)			*netrw-i* {{{2

    The "i" map cycles between the thin, long, wide, and tree listing formats.

    The thin listing format gives just the files' and directories' names.

    The long listing is either based on the "ls" command via ssh for remote
    directories or displays the filename, file size (in bytes), and the time and
    date of last modification for local directories.  With the long listing
    format, netrw is not able to recognize filenames which have trailing spaces.
    Use the thin listing format for such files.

    The wide listing format uses two or more contiguous spaces to delineate
    filenames; when using that format, netrw won't be able to recognize or use
    filenames which have two or more contiguous spaces embedded in the name or any
    trailing spaces.  The thin listing format will, however, work with such files.
    The wide listing format is the most compact.

    The tree listing format has a top directory followed by files and directories
    preceded by one or more "|"s, which indicate the directory depth.  One may
    open and close directories by pressing the <cr> key while atop the directory
    name.

    One may make a preferred listing style your default; see |g:netrw_liststyle|.
    As an example, by putting the following line in your .vimrc,
    	let g:netrw_liststyle= 3
    the tree style will become your default listing style.

    One typical way to use the netrw tree display is to:

    	vim .
    	(use i until a tree display shows)
    	navigate to a file
    	v  (edit as desired in vertically split window)
    	ctrl-w h  (to return to the netrw listing)
    	P (edit newly selected file in the previous window)
    	ctrl-w h  (to return to the netrw listing)
    	P (edit newly selected file in the previous window)
    	...etc...

    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_liststyle| |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen|
                                  |g:netrw_timefmt|   |g:netrw_list_cmd|

    CHANGE FILE PERMISSION						*netrw-gp* {{{2

    "gp" will ask you for a new permission for the file named under the cursor.
    Currently, this only works for local files.

    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_chgperm|

    CHANGING TO A BOOKMARKED DIRECTORY			*netrw-gb*  {{{2

    To change directory back to a bookmarked directory, use

    	{cnt}gb

    Any count may be used to reference any of the bookmarks.
    Note that |netrw-qb| shows both bookmarks and history; to go
    to a location stored in the history see |netrw-u| and |netrw-U|.

    Related Topics:
    	|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
    	|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
    	|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks

    CHANGING TO A PREDECESSOR DIRECTORY		*netrw-u* *netrw-updir* {{{2

    Every time you change to a new directory (new for the current session), netrw
    will save the directory in a recently-visited directory history list (unless
    |g:netrw_dirhistmax| is zero; by default, it holds ten entries).  With the "u"
    map, one can change to an earlier directory (predecessor).  To do the
    opposite, see |netrw-U|.

    The "u" map also accepts counts to go back in the history several slots.  For
    your convenience, qb (see |netrw-qb|) lists the history number which may be
    used in that count.

    						*.netrwhist*
    See |g:netrw_dirhistmax| for how to control the quantity of history stack
    slots.  The file ".netrwhist" holds history when netrw (and vim) is not
    active.  By default, its stored on the first directory on the user's
    'runtimepath'.

    Related Topics:
    	|netrw-U| changing to a successor directory
    	|g:netrw_home| controls where .netrwhist is kept

    CHANGING TO A SUCCESSOR DIRECTORY		*netrw-U* *netrw-downdir* {{{2

    With the "U" map, one can change to a later directory (successor).
    This map is the opposite of the "u" map. (see |netrw-u|)  Use the
    qb map to list both the bookmarks and history. (see |netrw-qb|)

    The "U" map also accepts counts to go forward in the history several slots.

    See |g:netrw_dirhistmax| for how to control the quantity of history stack
    slots.

    CHANGING TREE TOP			*netrw-ntree*  *:Ntree*  *netrw-gn* {{{2

    One may specify a new tree top for tree listings using

    	:Ntree [dirname]

    Without a "dirname", the current line is used (and any leading depth
    information is elided).
    With a "dirname", the specified directory name is used.

    The "gn" map will take the word below the cursor and use that for
    changing the top of the tree listing.

    							*netrw-curdir*
    DELETING BOOKMARKS					*netrw-mB* {{{2

    To delete a bookmark, use

    	{cnt}mB

    If there are marked files, then mB will remove them from the
    bookmark list.

    Alternatively, one may use :NetrwMB! (see |netrw-:NetrwMB|).

    	:NetrwMB! [files/directories]

    Related Topics:
    	|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
    	|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
    	|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks

    DELETING FILES OR DIRECTORIES	*netrw-delete* *netrw-D* *netrw-del* {{{2

    If files have not been marked with |netrw-mf|:   (local marked file list)

        Deleting/removing files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
        file/directory to be deleted and pressing "D".  Directories must be empty
        first before they can be successfully removed.  If the directory is a
        softlink to a directory, then netrw will make two requests to remove the
        directory before succeeding.  Netrw will ask for confirmation before doing
        the removal(s).  You may select a range of lines with the "V" command
        (visual selection), and then pressing "D".

    If files have been marked with |netrw-mf|:   (local marked file list)

        Marked files (and empty directories) will be deleted; again, you'll be
        asked to confirm the deletion before it actually takes place.

    A further approach is to delete files which match a pattern.

        * use  :MF pattern  (see |netrw-:MF|); then press "D".

        * use mr (see |netrw-mr|) which will prompt you for pattern.
          This will cause the matching files to be marked.  Then,
          press "D".

    Please note that only empty directories may be deleted with the "D" mapping.
    Regular files are deleted with |delete()|, too.

    The |g:netrw_rm_cmd|, |g:netrw_rmf_cmd|, and |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| variables are
    used to control the attempts to remove remote files and directories.  The
    g:netrw_rm_cmd is used with files, and its default value is:

    	g:netrw_rm_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm

    The g:netrw_rmdir_cmd variable is used to support the removal of directories.
    Its default value is:

    	|g:netrw_rmdir_cmd|: ssh HOSTNAME rmdir

    If removing a directory fails with g:netrw_rmdir_cmd, netrw then will attempt
    to remove it again using the g:netrw_rmf_cmd variable.  Its default value is:

    	|g:netrw_rmf_cmd|: ssh HOSTNAME rm -f

    Related topics: |netrw-d|
    Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_rm_cmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|

    *netrw-explore*  *netrw-hexplore* *netrw-nexplore* *netrw-pexplore*
    *netrw-rexplore* *netrw-sexplore* *netrw-texplore* *netrw-vexplore* *netrw-lexplore*
    DIRECTORY EXPLORATION COMMANDS  {{{2

         :[N]Explore[!]  [dir]... Explore directory of current file      *:Explore*
         :[N]Hexplore[!] [dir]... Horizontal Split & Explore             *:Hexplore*
         :[N]Lexplore[!] [dir]... Left Explorer Toggle                   *:Lexplore*
         :[N]Sexplore[!] [dir]... Split&Explore current file's directory *:Sexplore*
         :[N]Vexplore[!] [dir]... Vertical   Split & Explore             *:Vexplore*
         :Texplore       [dir]... Tab & Explore                          *:Texplore*
         :Rexplore            ... Return to/from Explorer                *:Rexplore*

         Used with :Explore **/pattern : (also see |netrw-starstar|)
         :Nexplore............. go to next matching file                *:Nexplore*
         :Pexplore............. go to previous matching file            *:Pexplore*

    						*netrw-:Explore*
    :Explore  will open the local-directory browser on the current file's
              directory (or on directory [dir] if specified).  The window will be
    	  split only if the file has been modified and 'hidden' is not set,
    	  otherwise the browsing window will take over that window.  Normally
    	  the splitting is taken horizontally.
    	  Also see: |netrw-:Rexplore|
    :Explore! is like :Explore, but will use vertical splitting.

    						*netrw-:Hexplore*
    :Hexplore  [dir] does an :Explore with |:belowright| horizontal splitting.
    :Hexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:aboveleft|  horizontal splitting.

    						*netrw-:Lexplore*
    :[N]Lexplore [dir] toggles a full height Explorer window on the left hand side
    	  of the current tab.  It will open a netrw window on the current
    	  directory if [dir] is omitted; a :Lexplore [dir] will show the
    	  specified directory in the left-hand side browser display no matter
    	  from which window the command is issued.

    	  By default, :Lexplore will change an uninitialized |g:netrw_chgwin|
    	  to 2; edits will thus preferentially be made in window#2.

    	  The [N] specifies a |g:netrw_winsize| just for the new :Lexplore
    	  window. That means that
    	    if [N] < 0 : use |N| columns for the Lexplore window
    	    if [N] = 0 : a normal split is made
    	    if [N] > 0 : use N% of the current window will be used for the
    	                 new window

    	  Those who like this method often also like tree style displays;
    	  see |g:netrw_liststyle|.

    :[N]Lexplore! [dir] is similar to :Lexplore, except that the full-height
    	  Explorer window will open on the right hand side and an
    	  uninitialized |g:netrw_chgwin| will be set to 1 (eg. edits will
    	  preferentially occur in the leftmost window).

    	  Also see: |netrw-C|           |g:netrw_browse_split|   |g:netrw_wiw|
    		    |netrw-p| |netrw-P|   |g:netrw_chgwin|
    		    |netrw-c-tab|       |g:netrw_winsize|

    						*netrw-:Sexplore*
    :[N]Sexplore will always split the window before invoking the local-directory
    	  browser.  As with Explore, the splitting is normally done
    	  horizontally.
    :[N]Sexplore! [dir] is like :Sexplore, but the splitting will be done vertically.

    						*netrw-:Texplore*
    :Texplore  [dir] does a |:tabnew| before generating the browser window

    						*netrw-:Vexplore*
    :[N]Vexplore  [dir] does an :Explore with |:leftabove|  vertical splitting.
    :[N]Vexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:rightbelow| vertical splitting.

    The optional parameters are:

     [N]: This parameter will override |g:netrw_winsize| to specify the quantity of
          rows and/or columns the new explorer window should have.
          Otherwise, the |g:netrw_winsize| variable, if it has been specified by the
          user, is used to control the quantity of rows and/or columns new
          explorer windows should have.

     [dir]: By default, these explorer commands use the current file's directory.
            However, one may explicitly provide a directory (path) to use instead;
    	ie.

    	:Explore /some/path

    						*netrw-:Rexplore*
    :Rexplore  This command is a little different from the other Explore commands
    	   as it doesn't necessarily open an Explorer window.

    	   Return to Explorer
    	   When one edits a file using netrw which can occur, for example,
    	   when pressing <cr> while the cursor is atop a filename in a netrw
    	   browser window, a :Rexplore issued while editing that file will
    	   return the display to that of the last netrw browser display in
    	   that window.

    	   Return from Explorer
    	   Conversely, when one is editing a directory, issuing a :Rexplore
    	   will return to editing the file that was last edited in that
    	   window.

    	   The <2-leftmouse> map (which is only available under gvim and
    	   cooperative terms) does the same as :Rexplore.

    Also see: |g:netrw_alto| |g:netrw_altv| |g:netrw_winsize|

    *netrw-star* *netrw-starpat* *netrw-starstar* *netrw-starstarpat* *netrw-grep*
    EXPLORING WITH STARS AND PATTERNS {{{2

    When Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, or Vexplore are used with one of the
    following four patterns Explore generates a list of files which satisfy the
    request for the local file system.  These exploration patterns will not work
    with remote file browsing.

        */filepat	files in current directory which satisfy filepat
        **/filepat	files in current directory or below which satisfy the
    		file pattern
        *//pattern	files in the current directory which contain the
    		pattern (vimgrep is used)
        **//pattern	files in the current directory or below which contain
    		the pattern (vimgrep is used)
    <
    The cursor will be placed on the first file in the list.  One may then
    continue to go to subsequent files on that list via |:Nexplore| or to
    preceding files on that list with |:Pexplore|.  Explore will update the
    directory and place the cursor appropriately.

    A plain
    	:Explore
    will clear the explore list.

    If your console or gui produces recognizable shift-up or shift-down sequences,
    then you'll likely find using shift-downarrow and shift-uparrow convenient.
    They're mapped by netrw as follows:

    	<s-down>  == Nexplore, and
    	<s-up>    == Pexplore.

    As an example, consider

    	:Explore */*.c
    	:Nexplore
    	:Nexplore
    	:Pexplore

    The status line will show, on the right hand side of the status line, a
    message like "Match 3 of 20".

    Associated setting variables:
    	|g:netrw_keepdir|          |g:netrw_browse_split|
    	|g:netrw_fastbrowse|       |g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject|
    	|g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd|     |g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd|
    	|g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd|
    	|g:netrw_liststyle|

    DISPLAYING INFORMATION ABOUT FILE				*netrw-qf* {{{2

    With the cursor atop a filename, pressing "qf" will reveal the file's size
    and last modification timestamp.  Currently this capability is only available
    for local files.

    EDIT FILE OR DIRECTORY HIDING LIST	*netrw-ctrl-h* *netrw-edithide* {{{2

    The "<ctrl-h>" map brings up a requestor allowing the user to change the
    file/directory hiding list contained in |g:netrw_list_hide|.  The hiding list
    consists of one or more patterns delimited by commas.  Files and/or
    directories satisfying these patterns will either be hidden (ie. not shown) or
    be the only ones displayed (see |netrw-a|).

    The "gh" mapping (see |netrw-gh|) quickly alternates between the usual
    hiding list and the hiding of files or directories that begin with ".".

    As an example,
    	let g:netrw_list_hide= '\(^\|\s\s\)\zs\.\S\+'
    Effectively, this makes the effect of a |netrw-gh| command the initial setting.
    What it means:

    	\(^\|\s\s\)   : if the line begins with the following, -or-
    	                two consecutive spaces are encountered
    	\zs           : start the hiding match now
    	\.            : if it now begins with a dot
    	\S\+          : and is followed by one or more non-whitespace
    	                characters

    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_hide| |g:netrw_list_hide|
    Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-gh| |netrw-mh|

    					*netrw-sort-sequence*
    EDITING THE SORTING SEQUENCE		*netrw-S* *netrw-sortsequence* {{{2

    When "Sorted by" is name, one may specify priority via the sorting sequence
    (g:netrw_sort_sequence).  The sorting sequence typically prioritizes the
    name-listing by suffix, although any pattern will do.  Patterns are delimited
    by commas.  The default sorting sequence is (all one line):

    For Unix:
    	'[\/]$,\<core\%(\.\d\+\)\=,\.[a-np-z]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.o$,\.obj$,
    	\.info$,\.swp$,\.bak$,\~$'

    Otherwise:
    	'[\/]$,\.[a-np-z]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.o$,\.obj$,\.info$,
    	\.swp$,\.bak$,\~$'

    The lone * is where all filenames not covered by one of the other patterns
    will end up.  One may change the sorting sequence by modifying the
    g:netrw_sort_sequence variable (either manually or in your <.vimrc>) or by
    using the "S" map.

    Related topics:               |netrw-s|               |netrw-S|
    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_sequence| |g:netrw_sort_options|

    EXECUTING FILE UNDER CURSOR VIA SYSTEM()			*netrw-X* {{{2

    Pressing X while the cursor is atop an executable file will yield a prompt
    using the filename asking for any arguments.  Upon pressing a [return], netrw
    will then call |system()| with that command and arguments.  The result will be
    displayed by |:echomsg|, and so |:messages| will repeat display of the result.
    Ansi escape sequences will be stripped out.

    See |cmdline-window| for directions for more on how to edit the arguments.

    FORCING TREATMENT AS A FILE OR DIRECTORY	*netrw-gd* *netrw-gf* {{{2

    Remote symbolic links (ie. those listed via ssh or ftp) are problematic
    in that it is difficult to tell whether they link to a file or to a
    directory.

    To force treatment as a file: use
    	gf

    To force treatment as a directory: use
    	gd

    GOING UP							*netrw--* {{{2

    To go up a directory, press "-" or press the <cr> when atop the ../ directory
    entry in the listing.

    Netrw will use the command in |g:netrw_list_cmd| to perform the directory
    listing operation after changing HOSTNAME to the host specified by the
    user-prpvided url.  By default netrw provides the command as:

    	ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa

    where the HOSTNAME becomes the [user@]hostname as requested by the attempt to
    read.  Naturally, the user may override this command with whatever is
    preferred.  The NetList function which implements remote browsing
    expects that directories will be flagged by a trailing slash.

    HIDING FILES OR DIRECTORIES			*netrw-a* *netrw-hiding* {{{2

    Netrw's browsing facility allows one to use the hiding list in one of three
    ways: ignore it, hide files which match, and show only those files which
    match.

    If no files have been marked via |netrw-mf|:

    The "a" map allows the user to cycle through the three hiding modes.

    The |g:netrw_list_hide| variable holds a comma delimited list of patterns
    based on regular expressions (ex. ^.*\.obj$,^\.) which specify the hiding list.
    (also see |netrw-ctrl-h|)  To set the hiding list, use the <c-h> map.  As an
    example, to hide files which begin with a ".", one may use the <c-h> map to
    set the hiding list to '^\..*' (or one may put let g:netrw_list_hide= '^\..*'
    in one's <.vimrc>).  One may then use the "a" key to show all files, hide
    matching files, or to show only the matching files.

    	Example: \.[ch]$
    		This hiding list command will hide/show all *.c and *.h files.

    	Example: \.c$,\.h$
    		This hiding list command will also hide/show all *.c and *.h
    		files.

    Don't forget to use the "a" map to select the mode (normal/hiding/show) you
    want!

    If files have been marked using |netrw-mf|, then this command will:

      if showing all files or non-hidden files:
       modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by appending the marked files to it
       and showing only non-hidden files.

      else if showing hidden files only:
       modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by removing the marked files from it
       and showing only non-hidden files.
      endif

    					*netrw-gh* *netrw-hide*
    As a quick shortcut, one may press
    	gh
    to toggle between hiding files which begin with a period (dot) and not hiding
    them.

    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_list_hide|  |g:netrw_hide|
    Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-ctrl-h| |netrw-mh|

    					*netrw-gitignore*
    Netrw provides a helper function 'netrw_gitignore#Hide()' that, when used with
    |g:netrw_list_hide| automatically hides all git-ignored files.

    'netrw_gitignore#Hide' searches for patterns in the following files:

    	'./.gitignore'
    	'./.git/info/exclude'
    	global gitignore file: `git config --global core.excludesfile`
    	system gitignore file: `git config --system core.excludesfile`

    Files that do not exist, are ignored.
    Git-ignore patterns are taken from existing files, and converted to patterns for
    hiding files. For example, if you had '*.log' in your '.gitignore' file, it
    would be converted to '.*\.log'.

    To use this function, simply assign its output to |g:netrw_list_hide| option.

    	Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide()
    		Git-ignored files are hidden in Netrw.

    	Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide('my_gitignore_file')
    		Function can take additional files with git-ignore patterns.

    	Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide() .. '.*\.swp$'
    		Combining 'netrw_gitignore#Hide' with custom patterns.

    IMPROVING BROWSING			*netrw-listhack* *netrw-ssh-hack* {{{2

    Especially with the remote directory browser, constantly entering the password
    is tedious.

    For Linux/Unix systems, the book "Linux Server Hacks - 100 industrial strength
    tips & tools" by Rob Flickenger (O'Reilly, ISBN 0-596-00461-3) gives a tip
    for setting up no-password ssh and scp and discusses associated security
    issues.  It used to be available at http://hacks.oreilly.com/pub/h/66 ,
    but apparently that address is now being redirected to some "hackzine".
    I'll attempt a summary based on that article and on a communication from
    Ben Schmidt:

    	1. Generate a public/private key pair on the local machine
    	   (ssh client):
    		ssh-keygen -t rsa
    		(saving the file in ~/.ssh/id_rsa as prompted)

    	2. Just hit the <CR> when asked for passphrase (twice) for no
    	   passphrase.  If you do use a passphrase, you will also need to use
    	   ssh-agent so you only have to type the passphrase once per session.
    	   If you don't use a passphrase, simply logging onto your local
    	   computer or getting access to the keyfile in any way will suffice
    	   to access any ssh servers which have that key authorized for login.

    	3. This creates two files:
    		~/.ssh/id_rsa
    		~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

    	4. On the target machine (ssh server):
    		cd
    		mkdir -p .ssh
    		chmod 0700 .ssh

    	5. On your local machine (ssh client): (one line)
    		ssh {serverhostname}
    		  cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys2' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

    	   or, for OpenSSH, (one line)
    		ssh {serverhostname}
    		  cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

    You can test it out with
    	ssh {serverhostname}
    and you should be log onto the server machine without further need to type
    anything.

    If you decided to use a passphrase, do:
    	ssh-agent $SHELL
    	ssh-add
    	ssh {serverhostname}
    You will be prompted for your key passphrase when you use ssh-add, but not
    subsequently when you use ssh.  For use with vim, you can use
    	ssh-agent vim
    and, when next within vim, use
    	:!ssh-add
    Alternatively, you can apply ssh-agent to the terminal you're planning on
    running vim in:
    	ssh-agent xterm &
    and do ssh-add whenever you need.

    For Windows, folks on the vim mailing list have mentioned that Pageant helps
    with avoiding the constant need to enter the password.

    Kingston Fung wrote about another way to avoid constantly needing to enter
    passwords:

        In order to avoid the need to type in the password for scp each time, you
        provide a hack in the docs to set up a non password ssh account. I found a
        better way to do that: I can use a regular ssh account which uses a
        password to access the material without the need to key-in the password
        each time. It's good for security and convenience. I tried ssh public key
        authorization + ssh-agent, implementing this, and it works!

        Ssh hints:

    	Thomer Gil has provided a hint on how to speed up netrw+ssh:
    	    http://thomer.com/howtos/netrw_ssh.html

    LISTING BOOKMARKS AND HISTORY		*netrw-qb* *netrw-listbookmark* {{{2

    Pressing "qb" (query bookmarks) will list both the bookmarked directories and
    directory traversal history.

    Related Topics:
    	|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
    	|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
    	|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
    	|netrw-u|  change to a predecessor directory via the history stack
    	|netrw-U|  change to a successor   directory via the history stack

    MAKING A NEW DIRECTORY					*netrw-d* {{{2

    With the "d" map one may make a new directory either remotely (which depends
    on the global variable g:netrw_mkdir_cmd) or locally (which depends on the
    global variable g:netrw_localmkdir).  Netrw will issue a request for the new
    directory's name.  A bare <CR> at that point will abort the making of the
    directory.  Attempts to make a local directory that already exists (as either
    a file or a directory) will be detected, reported on, and ignored.

    Related topics: |netrw-D|
    Associated setting variables:	|g:netrw_localmkdir|   |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|
    				|g:netrw_remote_mkdir| |netrw-%|

    MAKING THE BROWSING DIRECTORY THE CURRENT DIRECTORY	*netrw-cd* {{{2

    By default, |g:netrw_keepdir| is 1.  This setting means that the current
    directory will not track the browsing directory. (done for backwards
    compatibility with v6's file explorer).

    Setting g:netrw_keepdir to 0 tells netrw to make vim's current directory
    track netrw's browsing directory.

    However, given the default setting for g:netrw_keepdir of 1 where netrw
    maintains its own separate notion of the current directory, in order to make
    the two directories the same, use the "cd" map (type cd).  That map will
    set Vim's notion of the current directory to netrw's current browsing
    directory.

    |netrw-cd| : This map's name was changed from "c" to cd (see |netrw-cd|).
               This change was done to allow for |netrw-cb| and |netrw-cB| maps.

    Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_keepdir|

    MARKING FILES					*netrw-:MF*	*netrw-mf* {{{2
    	(also see |netrw-mr|)

    Netrw provides several ways to mark files:

    	* One may mark files with the cursor atop a filename and
    	  then pressing "mf".

    	* With gvim, in addition one may mark files with
    	  <s-leftmouse>. (see |netrw-mouse|)

    	* One may use the :MF command, which takes a list of
    	  files (for local directories, the list may include
    	  wildcards -- see |glob()|)

    		:MF *.c

    	  (Note that :MF uses |<f-args>| to break the line
    	  at spaces)

    	* Mark files using the |argument-list| (|netrw-mA|)

    	* Mark files based upon a |location-list| (|netrw-qL|)

    	* Mark files based upon the quickfix list (|netrw-qF|)
    	  (|quickfix-error-lists|)

    The following netrw maps make use of marked files:

        |netrw-a|	Hide marked files/directories
        |netrw-D|	Delete marked files/directories
        |netrw-ma|	Move marked files' names to |arglist|
        |netrw-mA|	Move |arglist| filenames to marked file list
        |netrw-mb|	Append marked files to bookmarks
        |netrw-mB|	Delete marked files from bookmarks
        |netrw-mc|	Copy marked files to target
        |netrw-md|	Apply vimdiff to marked files
        |netrw-me|	Edit marked files
        |netrw-mF|	Unmark marked files
        |netrw-mg|	Apply vimgrep to marked files
        |netrw-mm|	Move marked files to target
        |netrw-ms|	Netrw will source marked files
        |netrw-mt|	Set target for |netrw-mm| and |netrw-mc|
        |netrw-mT|	Generate tags using marked files
        |netrw-mv|	Apply vim command to marked files
        |netrw-mx|	Apply shell command to marked files
        |netrw-mX|	Apply shell command to marked files, en bloc
        |netrw-mz|	Compress/Decompress marked files
        |netrw-O|	Obtain marked files
        |netrw-R|	Rename marked files

    One may unmark files one at a time the same way one marks them; ie. place
    the cursor atop a marked file and press "mf".  This process also works
    with <s-leftmouse> using gvim.  One may unmark all files by pressing
    "mu" (see |netrw-mu|).

    Marked files are highlighted using the "netrwMarkFile" highlighting group,
    which by default is linked to "Identifier" (see Identifier under
    |group-name|).  You may change the highlighting group by putting something
    like

    	highlight clear netrwMarkFile
    	hi link netrwMarkFile ..whatever..

    into $HOME/.vim/after/syntax/netrw.vim .

    If the mouse is enabled and works with your vim, you may use <s-leftmouse> to
    mark one or more files.  You may mark multiple files by dragging the shifted
    leftmouse.  (see |netrw-mouse|)

    			*markfilelist* *global_markfilelist* *local_markfilelist*
    All marked files are entered onto the global marked file list; there is only
    one such list.  In addition, every netrw buffer also has its own buffer-local
    marked file list; since netrw buffers are associated with specific
    directories, this means that each directory has its own local marked file
    list.  The various commands which operate on marked files use one or the other
    of the marked file lists.

    Known Problem: if one is using tree mode (|g:netrw_liststyle|) and several
    directories have files with the same name,  then marking such a file will
    result in all such files being highlighted as if they were all marked.  The
    |markfilelist|, however, will only have the selected file in it.  This problem
    is unlikely to be fixed.

    UNMARKING FILES							*netrw-mF* {{{2
    	(also see |netrw-mf|, |netrw-mu|)

    The "mF" command will unmark all files in the current buffer.  One may also use
    mf (|netrw-mf|) on a specific, already marked, file to unmark just that file.

    MARKING FILES BY LOCATION LIST					*netrw-qL* {{{2
    	(also see |netrw-mf|)

    One may convert |location-list|s into a marked file list using "qL".
    You may then proceed with commands such as me (|netrw-me|) to edit them.

    MARKING FILES BY QUICKFIX LIST					*netrw-qF* {{{2
    	(also see |netrw-mf|)

    One may convert |quickfix-error-lists| into a marked file list using "qF".
    You may then proceed with commands such as me (|netrw-me|) to edit them.
    Quickfix error lists are generated, for example, by calls to |:vimgrep|.

    MARKING FILES BY REGULAR EXPRESSION				*netrw-mr* {{{2
    	(also see |netrw-mf|)

    One may also mark files by pressing "mr"; netrw will then issue a prompt,
    "Enter regexp: ".  You may then enter a shell-style regular expression such
    as *.c$ (see |glob()|).  For remote systems, glob() doesn't work -- so netrw
    converts "*" into ".*" (see |regexp|) and marks files based on that.  In the
    future I may make it possible to use |regexp|s instead of glob()-style
    expressions (yet-another-option).

    See |cmdline-window| for directions on more on how to edit the regular
    expression.

    MARKED FILES, ARBITRARY VIM COMMAND				*netrw-mv*  {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the local marked-file list)

    The "mv" map causes netrw to execute an arbitrary vim command on each file on
    the local marked file list, individually:

    	* 1split
    	* sil! keepalt e file
    	* run vim command
    	* sil! keepalt wq!

    A prompt, "Enter vim command: ", will be issued to elicit the vim command you
    wish used.  See |cmdline-window| for directions for more on how to edit the
    command.

    MARKED FILES, ARBITRARY SHELL COMMAND				*netrw-mx* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the local marked-file list)

    Upon activation of the "mx" map, netrw will query the user for some (external)
    command to be applied to all marked files.  All "%"s in the command will be
    substituted with the name of each marked file in turn.  If no "%"s are in the
    command, then the command will be followed by a space and a marked filename.

    Example:
    	(mark files)
    	mx
    	Enter command: cat

    	The result is a series of shell commands:
    	cat 'file1'
    	cat 'file2'
    	...

    MARKED FILES, ARBITRARY SHELL COMMAND, EN BLOC			*netrw-mX* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked-file list)

    Upon activation of the 'mX' map, netrw will query the user for some (external)
    command to be applied to all marked files on the global marked file list.  The
    "en bloc" means that one command will be executed on all the files at once:

    	command files

    This approach is useful, for example, to select files and make a tarball:

    	(mark files)
    	mX
    	Enter command: tar cf mynewtarball.tar

    The command that will be run with this example:

    	tar cf mynewtarball.tar 'file1' 'file2' ...

    MARKED FILES: ARGUMENT LIST				*netrw-ma* *netrw-mA*
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked-file list)

    Using ma, one moves filenames from the marked file list to the argument list.
    Using mA, one moves filenames from the argument list to the marked file list.

    See Also: |netrw-cb| |netrw-cB| |netrw-qF| |argument-list| |:args|

    MARKED FILES: BUFFER LIST				*netrw-cb* *netrw-cB*
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked-file list)

    Using cb, one moves  filenames from the marked file list to the buffer list.
    Using cB, one copies filenames from the buffer list to the marked file list.

    See Also: |netrw-ma| |netrw-mA| |netrw-qF| |buffer-list| |:buffers|

    MARKED FILES: COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION		*netrw-mz* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the local marked file list)

    If any marked files are compressed,   then "mz" will decompress them.
    If any marked files are decompressed, then "mz" will compress them
    using the command specified by |g:netrw_compress|; by default,
    that's "gzip".

    For decompression, netrw uses a |Dictionary| of suffices and their
    associated decompressing utilities; see |g:netrw_decompress|.

    Remember that one can mark multiple files by regular expression
    (see |netrw-mr|); this is particularly useful to facilitate compressing and
    decompressing a large number of files.

    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_compress| |g:netrw_decompress|

    MARKED FILES: COPYING						*netrw-mc* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (Uses the global marked file list)

    Select a target directory with mt (|netrw-mt|).  Then change directory,
    select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mc".  The copy is done
    from the current window (where one does the mf) to the target.

    If one does not have a target directory set with |netrw-mt|, then netrw
    will query you for a directory to copy to.

    One may also copy directories and their contents (local only) to a target
    directory.

    Associated setting variables:
    	|g:netrw_localcopycmd|		|g:netrw_localcopycmdopt|
    	|g:netrw_localcopydircmd|	|g:netrw_localcopydircmdopt|
    	|g:netrw_ssh_cmd|

    MARKED FILES: DIFF						*netrw-md* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked file list)

    Use |vimdiff| to visualize difference between selected files (two or
    three may be selected for this).  Uses the global marked file list.

    MARKED FILES: EDITING						*netrw-me* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked file list)

    The "me" command will place the marked files on the |arglist| and commence
    editing them.  One may return the to explorer window with |:Rexplore|.
    (use |:n| and |:p| to edit next and previous files in the arglist)

    MARKED FILES: GREP						*netrw-mg* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked file list)

    The "mg" command will apply |:vimgrep| to the marked files.
    The command will ask for the requested pattern; one may then enter:

    	/pattern/[g][j]
    	! /pattern/[g][j]
    	pattern

    With /pattern/, editing will start with the first item on the |quickfix| list
    that vimgrep sets up (see |:copen|, |:cnext|, |:cprevious|, |:cclose|).  The |:vimgrep|
    command is in use, so without 'g' each line is added to quickfix list only
    once; with 'g' every match is included.

    With /pattern/j, "mg" will winnow the current marked file list to just those
    marked files also possessing the specified pattern.  Thus, one may use

    	mr ...file-pattern...
    	mg /pattern/j

    to have a marked file list satisfying the file-pattern but also restricted to
    files containing some desired pattern.

    MARKED FILES: HIDING AND UNHIDING BY SUFFIX			*netrw-mh* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the local marked file list)

    The "mh" command extracts the suffices of the marked files and toggles their
    presence on the hiding list.  Please note that marking the same suffix
    this way multiple times will result in the suffix's presence being toggled
    for each file (so an even quantity of marked files having the same suffix
    is the same as not having bothered to select them at all).

    Related topics: |netrw-a| |g:netrw_list_hide|

    MARKED FILES: MOVING						*netrw-mm* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked file list)

    	WARNING: moving files is more dangerous than copying them.
    	A file being moved is first copied and then deleted; if the
    	copy operation fails and the delete succeeds, you will lose
    	the file.  Either try things out with unimportant files
    	first or do the copy and then delete yourself using mc and D.
    	Use at your own risk!

    Select a target directory with mt (|netrw-mt|).  Then change directory,
    select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mm".  The move is done
    from the current window (where one does the mf) to the target.

    Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_localmovecmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|

    MARKED FILES: SOURCING						*netrw-ms* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the local marked file list)

    With "ms", netrw will source the marked files (using vim's |:source| command)

    MARKED FILES: SETTING THE TARGET DIRECTORY			*netrw-mt* {{{2
         (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)

    Set the marked file copy/move-to target (see |netrw-mc| and |netrw-mm|):

      * If the cursor is atop a file name, then the netrw window's currently
        displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target.

      * Also, if the cursor is in the banner, then the netrw window's currently
        displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target.
        Unless the target already is the current directory.  In which case,
        typing "mf" clears the target.

      * However, if the cursor is atop a directory name, then that directory is
        used for the copy/move-to target

      * One may use the :MT [directory] command to set the target	*netrw-:MT*
        This command uses |<q-args>|, so spaces in the directory name are
        permitted without escaping.

      * With mouse-enabled vim or with gvim, one may select a target by using
        <c-leftmouse>

    There is only one copy/move-to target at a time in a vim session; ie. the
    target is a script variable (see |s:var|) and is shared between all netrw
    windows (in an instance of vim).

    When using menus and gvim, netrw provides a "Targets" entry which allows one
    to pick a target from the list of bookmarks and history.

    Related topics:
          Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf|
          Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr|
          Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks.....|netrw-Tb|
          Marked Files: Target Directory Using History.......|netrw-Th|

    MARKED FILES: TAGGING						*netrw-mT* {{{2
    	    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
    		      (uses the global marked file list)

    The "mT" mapping will apply the command in |g:netrw_ctags| (by default, it is
    "ctags") to marked files.  For remote browsing, in order to create a tags file
    netrw will use ssh (see |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|), and so ssh must be available for
    this to work on remote systems.  For your local system, see |ctags| on how to
    get a version.  I myself use hdrtags, currently available at
    http://www.drchip.org/astronaut/src/index.html , and have

    	let g:netrw_ctags= "hdrtag"

    in my <.vimrc>.

    When a remote set of files are tagged, the resulting tags file is "obtained";
    ie. a copy is transferred to the local system's directory.  The now local tags
    file is then modified so that one may use it through the network.  The
    modification made concerns the names of the files in the tags; each filename is
    preceded by the netrw-compatible URL used to obtain it.  When one subsequently
    uses one of the go to tag actions (|tags|), the URL will be used by netrw to
    edit the desired file and go to the tag.

    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_ctags| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|

    MARKED FILES: TARGET DIRECTORY USING BOOKMARKS		*netrw-Tb* {{{2

    Sets the marked file copy/move-to target.

    The |netrw-qb| map will give you a list of bookmarks (and history).
    One may choose one of the bookmarks to become your marked file
    target by using [count]Tb (default count: 1).

    Related topics:
          Copying files to target............................|netrw-mc|
          Listing Bookmarks and History......................|netrw-qb|
          Marked Files: Setting The Target Directory.........|netrw-mt|
          Marked Files: Target Directory Using History.......|netrw-Th|
          Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf|
          Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr|
          Moving files to target.............................|netrw-mm|

    MARKED FILES: TARGET DIRECTORY USING HISTORY			*netrw-Th* {{{2

    Sets the marked file copy/move-to target.

    The |netrw-qb| map will give you a list of history (and bookmarks).
    One may choose one of the history entries to become your marked file
    target by using [count]Th (default count: 0; ie. the current directory).

    Related topics:
          Copying files to target............................|netrw-mc|
          Listing Bookmarks and History......................|netrw-qb|
          Marked Files: Setting The Target Directory.........|netrw-mt|
          Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks.....|netrw-Tb|
          Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf|
          Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr|
          Moving files to target.............................|netrw-mm|

    MARKED FILES: UNMARKING						*netrw-mu* {{{2
         (See |netrw-mf|, |netrw-mF|)

    The "mu" mapping will unmark all currently marked files.  This command differs
    from "mF" as the latter only unmarks files in the current directory whereas
    "mu" will unmark global and all buffer-local marked files.
    (see |netrw-mF|)

    				*netrw-browser-settings*
    NETRW BROWSER VARIABLES		*netrw-browser-options* *netrw-browser-var* {{{2

    (if you're interested in the netrw file transfer settings, see |netrw-options|
     and |netrw-protocol|)

    The <netrw.vim> browser provides settings in the form of variables which
    you may modify; by placing these settings in your <.vimrc>, you may customize
    your browsing preferences.  (see also: |netrw-settings|)

       ---				-----------
       Var				Explanation
       ---				-----------
      *g:netrw_altfile*		some like |CTRL-^| to return to the last
    				edited file.  Choose that by setting this
    				parameter to 1.
    				Others like |CTRL-^| to return to the
    				netrw browsing buffer.  Choose that by setting
    				this parameter to 0.
    				 default: =0

      *g:netrw_alto*		change from above splitting to below splitting
    				by setting this variable (see |netrw-o|)
    				 default: =&sb           (see 'sb')

      *g:netrw_altv*		change from left splitting to right splitting
    				by setting this variable (see |netrw-v|)
    				 default: =&spr          (see 'spr')

      *g:netrw_banner*		enable/suppress the banner
    				=0: suppress the banner
    				=1: banner is enabled (default)

      *g:netrw_bannerbackslash*	if this variable exists and is not zero, the
    				banner will be displayed with backslashes
    				rather than forward slashes.

      *g:netrw_browse_split*	when browsing, <cr> will open the file by:
    				=0: re-using the same window  (default)
    				=1: horizontally splitting the window first
    				=2: vertically   splitting the window first
    				=3: open file in new tab
    				=4: act like "P" (ie. open previous window)
    				    Note that |g:netrw_preview| may be used
    				    to get vertical splitting instead of
    				    horizontal splitting.
    				=[servername,tab-number,window-number]
    				    Given a |List| such as this, a remote server
    				    named by the "servername" will be used for
    				    editing.  It will also use the specified tab
    				    and window numbers to perform editing
    				    (see |clientserver|, |netrw-ctrl-r|)
    				This option does not affect the production of
    				|:Lexplore| windows.

    				Related topics:
    				    |g:netrw_alto|	|g:netrw_altv|
    				    |netrw-C|		|netrw-cr|
    				    |netrw-ctrl-r|

      *g:netrw_chgperm*		Unix/Linux: "chmod PERM FILENAME"
    				Windows:    "cacls FILENAME /e /p PERM"
    				Used to change access permission for a file.

      *g:netrw_clipboard*		=1
    				By default, netrw will attempt to insure that
    				the clipboard's values will remain unchanged.
    				However, some users report that they have
    				speed problems with this; consequently, this
    				option, when set to zero,  lets such users
    				prevent netrw from saving and restoring the
    				clipboard (the latter is done only as needed).
    				That means that if the clipboard is changed
    				(inadvertently) by normal netrw operation that
    				it will not be restored to its prior state.

      *g:netrw_compress*		="gzip"
    				Will compress marked files with this
    				command

      *g:Netrw_corehandler*		Allows one to specify something additional
    				to do when handling <core> files via netrw's
    				browser's "x" command.  If present,
    				g:Netrw_corehandler specifies either one or
    				more function references (see |Funcref|).
    				(the capital g:Netrw... is required its
    				holding a function reference)

      *g:netrw_ctags*		="ctags"
    				The default external program used to create
    				tags

      *g:netrw_cursor*		= 2 (default)
    				This option controls the use of the
    				'cursorline' (cul) and 'cursorcolumn'
    				(cuc) settings by netrw:

    				Value   Thin-Long-Tree      Wide
    				 =0      u-cul u-cuc      u-cul u-cuc
    				 =1      u-cul u-cuc        cul u-cuc
    				 =2        cul u-cuc        cul u-cuc
    				 =3        cul u-cuc        cul   cuc
    				 =4        cul   cuc        cul   cuc
    				 =5      U-cul U-cuc      U-cul U-cuc
    				 =6      U-cul U-cuc        cul U-cuc
    				 =7        cul U-cuc        cul U-cuc
    				 =8        cul U-cuc        cul   cuc

    				Where
    				  u-cul : user's 'cursorline'   initial setting used
    				  u-cuc : user's 'cursorcolumn' initial setting used
    				  U-cul : user's 'cursorline'   current setting used
    				  U-cuc : user's 'cursorcolumn' current setting used
    				  cul   : 'cursorline'   will be locally set
    				  cuc   : 'cursorcolumn' will be locally set

    				  The "initial setting" means the values of
    				  the 'cuc' and 'cul' settings in effect when
    				  netrw last saw |g:netrw_cursor| >= 5 or when
    				  netrw was initially run.

      *g:netrw_decompress*		= { '.lz4':	 'lz4 -d',
    				    '.lzo':	 'lzop -d',
    				    '.lz':	 'lzip -dk',
    				    '.7z':	 '7za x',
    				    '.001':	 '7za x',
    				    '.tar.bz':	 'tar -xvjf',
    				    '.tar.bz2':  'tar -xvjf',
    				    '.tbz':	 'tar -xvjf',
    				    '.tbz2':	 'tar -xvjf',
    				    '.tar.gz':	 'tar -xvzf',
    				    '.tgz':	 'tar -xvzf',
    				    '.tar.zst':  'tar --use-compress-program=unzstd -xvf',
    				    '.tzst':	 'tar --use-compress-program=unzstd -xvf',
    				    '.tar':	 'tar -xvf',
    				    '.zip':	 'unzip',
    				    '.bz':	 'bunzip2 -k',
    				    '.bz2':	 'bunzip2 -k',
    				    '.gz':	 'gunzip -k',
    				    '.lzma':	 'unlzma -T0 -k',
    				    '.xz':	 'unxz -T0 -k',
    				    '.zst':	 'zstd -T0 -d',
    				    '.Z':	 'uncompress -k',
    				    '.rar':	 'unrar x -ad',
    				    '.tar.lzma': 'tar --lzma -xvf',
    				    '.tlz':	 'tar --lzma -xvf',
    				    '.tar.xz':	 'tar -xvJf',
    				    '.txz':	 'tar -xvJf'}

    				  A dictionary mapping suffices to
    				  decompression programs.

      *g:netrw_dirhistmax*            =10: controls maximum quantity of past
                                         history.  May be zero to suppress
    				     history.
    				     (related: |netrw-qb| |netrw-u| |netrw-U|)

      *g:netrw_dynamic_maxfilenamelen* =32: enables dynamic determination of
    				    |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen|, which affects
    				    local file long listing.

      *g:netrw_fastbrowse*		=0: slow speed directory browsing;
    				    never re-uses directory listings;
    				    always obtains directory listings.
    				=1: medium speed directory browsing;
    				    re-use directory listings only
    				    when remote directory browsing.
    				    (default value)
    				=2: fast directory browsing;
    				    only obtains directory listings when the
    				    directory hasn't been seen before
    				    (or |netrw-ctrl-l| is used).

    				Fast browsing retains old directory listing
    				buffers so that they don't need to be
    				re-acquired.  This feature is especially
    				important for remote browsing.  However, if
    				a file is introduced or deleted into or from
    				such directories, the old directory buffer
    				becomes out-of-date.  One may always refresh
    				such a directory listing with |netrw-ctrl-l|.
    				This option gives the user the choice of
    				trading off accuracy (ie. up-to-date listing)
    				versus speed.

      *g:netrw_ffkeep*		(default: doesn't exist)
    				If this variable exists and is zero, then
    				netrw will not do a save and restore for
    				'fileformat'.

      *g:netrw_fname_escape*	=' ?&;%'
    				Used on filenames before remote reading/writing

      *g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject*	ftp can produce a number of errors and warnings
    				that can show up as "directories" and "files"
    				in the listing.  This pattern is used to
    				remove such embedded messages.  By default its
    				value is:
    				 '^total\s\+\d\+$\|
    				 ^Trying\s\+\d\+.*$\|
    				 ^KERBEROS_V\d rejected\|
    				 ^Security extensions not\|
    				 No such file\|
    				 : connect to address [0-9a-fA-F:]*
    				 : No route to host$'

      *g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd*	options for passing along to ftp for directory
    				listing.  Defaults:
    				 unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -lF"
    				 otherwise                     "dir"

      *g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd*	options for passing along to ftp for directory
    				listing, sorted by size of file.
    				Defaults:
    				 unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -slF"
    				 otherwise                     "dir"

      *g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd*	options for passing along to ftp for directory
    				listing, sorted by time of last modification.
    				Defaults:
    				 unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -tlF"
    				 otherwise                     "dir"

      *g:netrw_glob_escape*		='[]*?`{~$'  (unix)
    				='[]*?`{$'  (windows
    				These characters in directory names are
    				escaped before applying glob()

      *g:netrw_hide*		Controlled by the "a" map (see |netrw-a|)
    				=0 : show all
    				=1 : show not-hidden files
    				=2 : show hidden files only
    				 default: =1

      *g:netrw_home*		The home directory for where bookmarks and
    				history are saved (as .netrwbook and
    				.netrwhist).
    				Netrw uses |expand()|on the string.
    				 default: the first directory on the
    				         'runtimepath'

      *g:netrw_keepdir*		=1 (default) keep current directory immune from
    				   the browsing directory.
    				=0 keep the current directory the same as the
    				   browsing directory.
    				The current browsing directory is contained in
    				b:netrw_curdir (also see |netrw-cd|)

      *g:netrw_keepj*		="keepj" (default) netrw attempts to keep the
    				         |:jumps| table unaffected.
    				=""      netrw will not use |:keepjumps| with
    					 exceptions only for the
    					 saving/restoration of position.

      *g:netrw_list_cmd*		command for listing remote directories
    				 default: (if ssh is executable)
    				          "ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa"

      *g:netrw_list_cmd_options*	If this variable exists, then its contents are
    				appended to the g:netrw_list_cmd.  For
    				example, use "2>/dev/null" to get rid of banner
    				messages on unix systems.

      *g:netrw_liststyle*		Set the default listing style:
                                    = 0: thin listing (one file per line)
                                    = 1: long listing (one file per line with time
    				     stamp information and file size)
    				= 2: wide listing (multiple files in columns)
    				= 3: tree style listing

      *g:netrw_list_hide*		comma-separated pattern list for hiding files
    				Patterns are regular expressions (see |regexp|)
    				There's some special support for git-ignore
    				files: you may add the output from the helper
    				function 'netrw_gitignore#Hide() automatically
    				hiding all gitignored files.
    				For more details see |netrw-gitignore|.

    				Examples:
    				 let g:netrw_list_hide= '.*\.swp$'
    				 let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide() .. '.*\.swp$'
    				default: ""

      *g:netrw_localcopycmd*	="cp"           Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
    				Copies marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target
    				directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mc|)

      *g:netrw_localcopycmdopt*	=''             Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=' \c copy'                     Windows
    				Options for the |g:netrw_localcopycmd|

      *g:netrw_localcopydircmd*	="cp"           Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
    				Copies directories to target directory.
    				(|netrw-mc|, |netrw-mt|)

      *g:netrw_localcopydircmdopt*	=" -R"          Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=" /c xcopy /e /c /h/ /i /k"    Windows
    				Options for |g:netrw_localcopydircmd|

      *g:netrw_localmkdir*		="mkdir"        Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
                                    command for making a local directory

      *g:netrw_localmkdiropt*	=""             Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=" /c mkdir"                    Windows
    				Options for |g:netrw_localmkdir|

      *g:netrw_localmovecmd*	="mv"           Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
    				Moves marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target
    				directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mm|)

      *g:netrw_localmovecmdopt*	=""             Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
    				=" /c move"                     Windows
    				Options for |g:netrw_localmovecmd|

      *g:netrw_maxfilenamelen*	=32 by default, selected so as to make long
    				    listings fit on 80 column displays.
    				If your screen is wider, and you have file
    				or directory names longer than 32 bytes,
    				you may set this option to keep listings
    				columnar.

      *g:netrw_mkdir_cmd*		command for making a remote directory
    				via ssh  (also see |g:netrw_remote_mkdir|)
    				 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME mkdir"

      *g:netrw_mousemaps*		  =1 (default) enables mouse buttons while
    				   browsing to:
    				     leftmouse       : open file/directory
    				     shift-leftmouse : mark file
    				     middlemouse     : same as P
    				     rightmouse      : remove file/directory
    				=0: disables mouse maps

     *g:netrw_sizestyle*		not defined: actual bytes (default)
    				="b" : actual bytes       (default)
    				="h" : human-readable (ex. 5k, 4m, 3g)
    				       uses 1000 base
    				="H" : human-readable (ex. 5K, 4M, 3G)
    				       uses 1024 base
    				The long listing (|netrw-i|) and query-file
    				maps (|netrw-qf|) will display file size
    				using the specified style.

      *g:netrw_usetab*		if this variable exists and is non-zero, then
    				the <tab> map supporting shrinking/expanding a
    				Lexplore or netrw window will be enabled.
    				(see |netrw-c-tab|)

      *g:netrw_remote_mkdir*	command for making a remote directory
    				via ftp  (also see |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|)
    				 default: "mkdir"

      *g:netrw_retmap*		if it exists and is set to one, then:
    				 * if in a netrw-selected file, AND
    				 * no normal-mode <2-leftmouse> mapping exists,
    				then the <2-leftmouse> will be mapped for easy
    				return to the netrw browser window.
    				 example: click once to select and open a file,
    				          double-click to return.

    				Note that one may instead choose to:
    				 * let g:netrw_retmap= 1, AND
    				 * nmap <silent> YourChoice <Plug>NetrwReturn
    				and have another mapping instead of
    				<2-leftmouse> to invoke the return.

    				You may also use the |:Rexplore| command to do
    				the same thing.

    				  default: =0

      *g:netrw_rm_cmd*		command for removing remote files
    				 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm"

      *g:netrw_rmdir_cmd*		command for removing remote directories
    				 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rmdir"

      *g:netrw_rmf_cmd*		command for removing remote softlinks
    				 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm -f"

      *g:netrw_servername*		use this variable to provide a name for
    				|netrw-ctrl-r| to use for its server.
    				 default: "NETRWSERVER"

      *g:netrw_sort_by*		sort by "name", "time", "size", or
    				"exten".
    				 default: "name"

      *g:netrw_sort_direction*	sorting direction: "normal" or "reverse"
    				 default: "normal"

      *g:netrw_sort_options*	sorting is done using |:sort|; this
    				variable's value is appended to the
    				sort command.  Thus one may ignore case,
    				for example, with the following in your
    				.vimrc:
    					let g:netrw_sort_options="i"
    				 default: ""

      *g:netrw_sort_sequence*	when sorting by name, first sort by the
    				comma-separated pattern sequence.  Note that
    				any filigree added to indicate filetypes
    				should be accounted for in your pattern.
    				 default: '[\/]$,*,\.bak$,\.o$,\.h$,
    				           \.info$,\.swp$,\.obj$'

      *g:netrw_special_syntax*	If true, then certain files will be shown
    				using special syntax in the browser:

    					netrwBak     : *.bak
    					netrwCompress: *.gz *.bz2 *.Z *.zip
    					netrwCoreDump: core.\d\+
    					netrwData    : *.dat
    					netrwDoc     : *.doc,*.txt,*.pdf,
    					               *.pdf,*.docx
    					netrwHdr     : *.h
    					netrwLex     : *.l *.lex
    					netrwLib     : *.a *.so *.lib *.dll
    					netrwMakefile: [mM]akefile *.mak
    					netrwObj     : *.o *.obj
    					netrwPix     : *.bmp,*.fit,*.fits,*.gif,
    					               *.jpg,*.jpeg,*.pcx,*.ppc
    					               *.pgm,*.png,*.psd,*.rgb
    					               *.tif,*.xbm,*.xcf
    					netrwTags    : tags ANmenu ANtags
    					netrwTilde   : *
    					netrwTmp     : tmp* *tmp
    					netrwYacc    : *.y

    				In addition, those groups mentioned in
    				'suffixes' are also added to the special
    				file highlighting group.
    				 These syntax highlighting groups are linked
    				to netrwGray or Folded by default
    				(see |hl-Folded|), but one may put lines like
    					hi link netrwCompress Visual
    				into one's <.vimrc> to use one's own
    				preferences.  Alternatively, one may
    				put such specifications into
    					.vim/after/syntax/netrw.vim.
    				 The netrwGray highlighting is set up by
    				netrw when
    					* netrwGray has not been previously
    					  defined
    					* the gui is running
    				 As an example, I myself use a dark-background
    				colorscheme with the following in
    				.vim/after/syntax/netrw.vim:

     hi netrwCompress term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=10 guifg=green  ctermbg=0 guibg=black
     hi netrwData	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=9 guifg=blue ctermbg=0 guibg=black
     hi netrwHdr	  term=NONE cterm=NONE,italic gui=NONE guifg=SeaGreen1
     hi netrwLex	  term=NONE cterm=NONE,italic gui=NONE guifg=SeaGreen1
     hi netrwYacc	  term=NONE cterm=NONE,italic gui=NONE guifg=SeaGreen1
     hi netrwLib	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=14 guifg=yellow
     hi netrwObj	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
     hi netrwTilde	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
     hi netrwTmp	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
     hi netrwTags	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
     hi netrwDoc	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=220 ctermbg=27 guifg=yellow2 guibg=Blue3
     hi netrwSymLink  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=220 ctermbg=27 guifg=grey60

      *g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject*	ssh can sometimes produce unwanted lines,
    				messages, banners, and whatnot that one doesn't
    				want masquerading as "directories" and "files".
    				Use this pattern to remove such embedded
    				messages.  By default its value is:
    					 '^total\s\+\d\+$'

      *g:netrw_ssh_cmd*		One may specify an executable command
    				to use instead of ssh for remote actions
    				such as listing, file removal, etc.
    				 default: ssh

      *g:netrw_tmpfile_escape*	=' &;'
    				escape() is applied to all temporary files
    				to escape these characters.

      *g:netrw_timefmt*		specify format string to vim's strftime().
    				The default, "%c", is "the preferred date
    				and time representation for the current
    				locale" according to my manpage entry for
    				strftime(); however, not all are satisfied
    				with it.  Some alternatives:
    				 "%a %d %b %Y %T",
    				 " %a %Y-%m-%d  %I-%M-%S %p"
    				 default: "%c"

      *g:netrw_use_noswf*		netrw normally avoids writing swapfiles
    				for browser buffers.  However, under some
    				systems this apparently is causing nasty
    				ml_get errors to appear; if you're getting
    				ml_get errors, try putting
    				  let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0
    				in your .vimrc.
    				  default: 1

      *g:netrw_winsize*		specify initial size of new windows made with
    				"o" (see |netrw-o|), "v" (see |netrw-v|),
    				|:Hexplore| or |:Vexplore|.  The g:netrw_winsize
    				is an integer describing the percentage of the
    				current netrw buffer's window to be used for
    				the new window.
    				 If g:netrw_winsize is less than zero, then
    				the absolute value of g:netrw_winsize will be
    				used to specify the quantity of lines or
    				columns for the new window.
    				 If g:netrw_winsize is zero, then a normal
    				split will be made (ie. 'equalalways' will
    				take effect, for example).
    				 default: 50  (for 50%)

      *g:netrw_wiw*			=1 specifies the minimum window width to use
    				when shrinking a netrw/Lexplore window
    				(see |netrw-c-tab|).

      *g:netrw_xstrlen*		Controls how netrw computes string lengths,
    				including multi-byte characters' string
    				length. (thanks to N Weibull, T Mechelynck)
    				=0: uses Vim's built-in strlen()
    				=1: number of codepoints (Latin a + combining
    				    circumflex is two codepoints)  (DEFAULT)
    				=2: number of spacing codepoints (Latin a +
    				    combining circumflex is one spacing
    				    codepoint; a hard tab is one; wide and
    				    narrow CJK are one each; etc.)
    				=3: virtual length (counting tabs as anything
    				    between 1 and 'tabstop', wide CJK as 2
    				    rather than 1, Arabic alif as zero when
    				    immediately preceded by lam, one
    				    otherwise, etc)

      *g:NetrwTopLvlMenu*		This variable specifies the top level
    				menu name; by default, it's "Netrw.".  If
    				you wish to change this, do so in your
    				.vimrc.

    NETRW BROWSING AND OPTION INCOMPATIBILITIES	*netrw-incompatible* {{{2

    Netrw has been designed to handle user options by saving them, setting the
    options to something that's compatible with netrw's needs, and then restoring
    them.  However, the autochdir option:
    	:set acd
    is problematic.  Autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the
    file you edit; this apparently also applies to directories.  In other words,
    autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the "file" (even if
    that "file" is itself a directory).

    OBTAINING A FILE					*netrw-obtain* *netrw-O* {{{2

    If there are no marked files:

        When browsing a remote directory, one may obtain a file under the cursor
        (ie.  get a copy on your local machine, but not edit it) by pressing the O
        key.

    If there are marked files:

        The marked files will be obtained (ie. a copy will be transferred to your
        local machine, but not set up for editing).

    Only ftp and scp are supported for this operation (but since these two are
    available for browsing, that shouldn't be a problem).  The status bar will
    then show, on its right hand side, a message like "Obtaining filename".  The
    statusline will be restored after the transfer is complete.

    Netrw can also "obtain" a file using the local browser.  Netrw's display
    of a directory is not necessarily the same as Vim's "current directory",
    unless |g:netrw_keepdir| is set to 0 in the user's <.vimrc>.  One may select
    a file using the local browser (by putting the cursor on it) and pressing
    "O" will then "obtain" the file; ie. copy it to Vim's current directory.

    Related topics:
     * To see what the current directory is, use |:pwd|
     * To make the currently browsed directory the current directory, see
       |netrw-cd|
     * To automatically make the currently browsed directory the current
       directory, see |g:netrw_keepdir|.

    					*netrw-newfile* *netrw-createfile*
    OPEN A NEW FILE IN NETRW'S CURRENT DIRECTORY		*netrw-%* {{{2

    To open a new file in netrw's current directory, press "%".  This map
    will query the user for a new filename; an empty file by that name will
    be placed in the netrw's current directory (ie. b:netrw_curdir).

    If Lexplore (|netrw-:Lexplore|) is in use, the new file will be generated
    in the |g:netrw_chgwin| window.

    Related topics:               |netrw-d|

    PREVIEW WINDOW				*netrw-p* *netrw-preview* {{{2

    One may use a preview window by using the "p" key when the cursor is atop the
    desired filename to be previewed.  The display will then split to show both
    the browser (where the cursor will remain) and the file (see |:pedit|).  By
    default, the split will be taken horizontally; one may use vertical splitting
    if one has set |g:netrw_preview| first.

    An interesting set of netrw settings is:

    	let g:netrw_preview   = 1
    	let g:netrw_liststyle = 3
    	let g:netrw_winsize   = 30

    These will:

    	1. Make vertical splitting the default for previewing files
    	2. Make the default listing style "tree"
    	3. When a vertical preview window is opened, the directory listing
    	   will use only 30% of the columns available; the rest of the window
    	   is used for the preview window.

    	Related: if you like this idea, you may also find :Lexplore
    	         (|netrw-:Lexplore|) or |g:netrw_chgwin| of interest

    Also see: |g:netrw_chgwin| |netrw-P| 'previewwindow' |CTRL-W_z| |:pclose|

    PREVIOUS WINDOW					*netrw-P* *netrw-prvwin* {{{2

    To edit a file or directory under the cursor in the previously used (last
    accessed) window (see :he |CTRL-W_p|), press a "P".  If there's only one
    window, then the one window will be horizontally split (by default).

    If there's more than one window, the previous window will be re-used on
    the selected file/directory.  If the previous window's associated buffer
    has been modified, and there's only one window with that buffer, then
    the user will be asked if s/he wishes to save the buffer first (yes,
    no, or cancel).

    Related Actions |netrw-cr| |netrw-o| |netrw-t| |netrw-v|
    Associated setting variables:
       |g:netrw_alto|    control above/below splitting
       |g:netrw_altv|    control right/left splitting
       |g:netrw_preview| control horizontal vs vertical splitting
       |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

    Also see: |g:netrw_chgwin| |netrw-p|

    REFRESHING THE LISTING		*netrw-refresh* *netrw-ctrl-l* *netrw-ctrl_l* {{{2

    To refresh either a local or remote directory listing, press ctrl-l (<c-l>) or
    hit the <cr> when atop the ./ directory entry in the listing.  One may also
    refresh a local directory by using ":e .".

    REVERSING SORTING ORDER		*netrw-r* *netrw-reverse* {{{2

    One may toggle between normal and reverse sorting order by pressing the
    "r" key.

    Related topics:              |netrw-s|
    Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_sort_direction|

    RENAMING FILES OR DIRECTORIES	*netrw-move* *netrw-rename* *netrw-R* {{{2

    If there are no marked files: (see |netrw-mf|)

        Renaming files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
        file/directory to be moved (renamed) and pressing "R".  You will then be
        queried for what you want the file/directory to be renamed to.  You may
        select a range of lines with the "V" command (visual selection), and then
        press "R"; you will be queried for each file as to what you want it
        renamed to.

    If there are marked files:  (see |netrw-mf|)

        Marked files will be renamed (moved).  You will be queried as above in
        order to specify where you want the file/directory to be moved.

        If you answer a renaming query with a "s/frompattern/topattern/", then
        subsequent files on the marked file list will be renamed by taking each
        name, applying that substitute, and renaming each file to the result.
        As an example :

    	mr  [query: reply with *.c]
    	R   [query: reply with s/^\(.*\)\.c$/\1.cpp/]

        This example will mark all *.c files and then rename them to *.cpp
        files.  Netrw will protect you from overwriting local files without
        confirmation, but not remote ones.

        The ctrl-X character has special meaning for renaming files:

    	<c-x>      : a single ctrl-x tells netrw to ignore the portion of the response
    	             lying between the last '/' and the ctrl-x.

    	<c-x><c-x> : a pair of contiguous ctrl-x's tells netrw to ignore any
    		     portion of the string preceding the double ctrl-x's.

        WARNING:

        Note that moving files is a dangerous operation; copies are safer.  That's
        because a "move" for remote files is actually a copy + delete -- and if
        the copy fails and the delete succeeds you may lose the file.
        Use at your own risk.

    The *g:netrw_rename_cmd* variable is used to implement remote renaming.  By
    default its value is:

    	ssh HOSTNAME mv

    One may rename a block of files and directories by selecting them with
    V (|linewise-visual|) when using thin style.

    See |cmdline-editing| for more on how to edit the command line; in particular,
    you'll find <ctrl-f> (initiates cmdline window editing) and <ctrl-c> (uses the
    command line under the cursor) useful in conjunction with the R command.

    SELECTING SORTING STYLE			*netrw-s* *netrw-sort* {{{2

    One may select the sorting style by name, time, or (file) size.  The "s" map
    allows one to circulate amongst the three choices; the directory listing will
    automatically be refreshed to reflect the selected style.

    Related topics:               |netrw-r| |netrw-S|
    Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_by| |g:netrw_sort_sequence|

    SETTING EDITING WINDOW		*netrw-editwindow* *netrw-C* *netrw-:NetrwC* {{{2

    One may select a netrw window for editing with the "C" mapping, using the
    :NetrwC [win#] command, or by setting |g:netrw_chgwin| to the selected window
    number.  Subsequent selection of a file to edit (|netrw-cr|) will use that
    window.

    	* C : by itself, will select the current window holding a netrw buffer
    	  for subsequent editing via |netrw-cr|.  The C mapping is only available
    	  while in netrw buffers.

    	* [count]C : the count will be used as the window number to be used
    	  for subsequent editing via |netrw-cr|.

    	* :NetrwC will set |g:netrw_chgwin| to the current window

    	* :NetrwC win#  will set |g:netrw_chgwin| to the specified window
    	  number

    Using
    	let g:netrw_chgwin= -1
    will restore the default editing behavior
    (ie. subsequent editing will use the current window).

    Related topics:			|netrw-cr| |g:netrw_browse_split|
    Associated setting variables:	|g:netrw_chgwin|

    SHRINKING OR EXPANDING A NETRW OR LEXPLORE WINDOW	*netrw-c-tab* {{{2

    The <c-tab> key will toggle a netrw or |:Lexplore| window's width,
    but only if |g:netrw_usetab| exists and is non-zero (and, of course,
    only if your terminal supports differentiating <c-tab> from a plain
    <tab>).

      * If the current window is a netrw window, toggle its width
        (between |g:netrw_wiw| and its original width)

      * Else if there is a |:Lexplore| window in the current tab, toggle
        its width

      * Else bring up a |:Lexplore| window

    If |g:netrw_usetab| exists and is zero, or if there is a pre-existing mapping
    for <c-tab>, then the <c-tab> will not be mapped.  One may map something other
    than a <c-tab>, too: (but you'll still need to have had |g:netrw_usetab| set).

    	nmap <unique> (whatever)	<Plug>NetrwShrink

    Related topics:			|:Lexplore|
    Associated setting variable:	|g:netrw_usetab|

    USER SPECIFIED MAPS					*netrw-usermaps* {{{1

    One may make customized user maps.  Specify a variable, |g:Netrw_UserMaps|,
    to hold a |List| of lists of keymap strings and function names:

    	[["keymap-sequence","ExampleUserMapFunc"],...]

    When netrw is setting up maps for a netrw buffer, if |g:Netrw_UserMaps|
    exists, then the internal function netrw#UserMaps(islocal) is called.
    This function goes through all the entries in the |g:Netrw_UserMaps| list:

    	* sets up maps:
    		nno <buffer> <silent> KEYMAP-SEQUENCE
    		:call s:UserMaps(islocal,"ExampleUserMapFunc")
    	* refreshes if result from that function call is the string
    	  "refresh"
    	* if the result string is not "", then that string will be
    	  executed (:exe result)
    	* if the result is a List, then the above two actions on results
    	  will be taken for every string in the result List

    The user function is passed one argument; it resembles

    	fun! ExampleUserMapFunc(islocal)

    where a:islocal is 1 if its a local-directory system call or 0 when
    remote-directory system call.

    			        *netrw-call*  *netrw-expose*  *netrw-modify*
    Use netrw#Expose("varname")          to access netrw-internal (script-local)
    				     variables.
    Use netrw#Modify("varname",newvalue) to change netrw-internal variables.
    Use netrw#Call("funcname"[,args])    to call a netrw-internal function with
    				     specified arguments.

    Example: Get a copy of netrw's marked file list:

    	let netrwmarkfilelist= netrw#Expose("netrwmarkfilelist")

    Example: Modify the value of netrw's marked file list:

    	call netrw#Modify("netrwmarkfilelist",[])

    Example: Clear netrw's marked file list via a mapping on gu
        " ExampleUserMap: {{{2
        fun! ExampleUserMap(islocal)
          call netrw#Modify("netrwmarkfilelist",[])
          call netrw#Modify('netrwmarkfilemtch_{bufnr("%")}',"")
          let retval= ["refresh"]
          return retval
        endfun
        let g:Netrw_UserMaps= [["gu","ExampleUserMap"]]

    10. Problems and Fixes					*netrw-problems* {{{1

    	(This section is likely to grow as I get feedback)
    								*netrw-p1*
    	P1. I use Windows, and my network browsing with ftp doesn't sort by {{{2
    	    time or size!  -or-  The remote system is a Windows server; why
    	    don't I get sorts by time or size?

    		Windows' ftp has a minimal support for ls (ie. it doesn't
    		accept sorting options).  It doesn't support the -F which
    		gives an explanatory character (ABC/ for "ABC is a directory").
    		Netrw then uses "dir" to get both its thin and long listings.
    		If you think your ftp does support a full-up ls, put the
    		following into your <.vimrc>:

    			let g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd    = "ls -lF"
    			let g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd= "ls -tlF"
    			let g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd= "ls -slF"

    		Alternatively, if you have cygwin on your Windows box, put
    		into your <.vimrc>:

    			let g:netrw_cygwin= 1

    		This problem also occurs when the remote system is Windows.
    		In this situation, the various g:netrw_ftp_[time|size]list_cmds
    		are as shown above, but the remote system will not correctly
    		modify its listing behavior.

    								*netrw-p2*
    	P2. I tried rcp://user@host/ (or protocol other than ftp) and netrw {{{2
    	    used ssh!  That wasn't what I asked for...

    		Netrw has two methods for browsing remote directories: ssh
    		and ftp.  Unless you specify ftp specifically, ssh is used.
    		When it comes time to do download a file (not just a directory
    		listing), netrw will use the given protocol to do so.

    								*netrw-p3*
    	P3. I would like long listings to be the default.                   {{{2

    		Put the following statement into your |.vimrc|:

    			let g:netrw_liststyle= 1

    		Check out |netrw-browser-var| for more customizations that
    		you can set.

    								*netrw-p4*
    	P4. My times come up oddly in local browsing                        {{{2

    		Does your system's strftime() accept the "%c" to yield dates
    		such as "Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997"?  If not, do a
    		"man strftime" and find out what option should be used.  Then
    		put it into your |.vimrc|:

    			let g:netrw_timefmt= "%X"  (where X is the option)

    								*netrw-p5*
    	P5. I want my current directory to track my browsing.               {{{2
    	    How do I do that?

    	    Put the following line in your |.vimrc|:

    		let g:netrw_keepdir= 0

    								*netrw-p6*
    	P6. I use Chinese (or other non-ascii) characters in my filenames,  {{{2
    	    and netrw (Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, etc) doesn't display them!

    		(taken from an answer provided by Wu Yongwei on the vim
    		mailing list)
    		I now see the problem. Your code page is not 936, right? Vim
    		seems only able to open files with names that are valid in the
    		current code page, as are many other applications that do not
    		use the Unicode version of Windows APIs. This is an OS-related
    		issue. You should not have such problems when the system
    		locale uses UTF-8, such as modern Linux distros.

    		(...it is one more reason to recommend that people use utf-8!)

    								*netrw-p7*
    	P7. I'm getting "ssh is not executable on your system" -- what do I {{{2
    	    do?

    		(Dudley Fox) Most people I know use putty for windows ssh.  It
    		is a free ssh/telnet application. You can read more about it
    		here:

    		http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ Also:

    		(Marlin Unruh) This program also works for me. It's a single
    		executable, so he/she can copy it into the Windows\System32
    		folder and create a shortcut to it.

    		(Dudley Fox) You might also wish to consider plink, as it
    		sounds most similar to what you are looking for. plink is an
    		application in the putty suite.

               http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.58/htmldoc/Chapter7.html#plink

    		(Vissale Neang) Maybe you can try OpenSSH for windows, which
    		can be obtained from:

    		http://sshwindows.sourceforge.net/

    		It doesn't need the full Cygwin package.

    		(Antoine Mechelynck) For individual Unix-like programs needed
    		for work in a native-Windows environment, I recommend getting
    		them from the GnuWin32 project on sourceforge if it has them:

    		    http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/

    		Unlike Cygwin, which sets up a Unix-like virtual machine on
    		top of Windows, GnuWin32 is a rewrite of Unix utilities with
    		Windows system calls, and its programs works quite well in the
    		cmd.exe "Dos box".

    		(dave) Download WinSCP and use that to connect to the server.
    		In Preferences > Editors, set gvim as your editor:

    			- Click "Add..."
    			- Set External Editor (adjust path as needed, include
    			  the quotes and !.! at the end):
    			    "c:\Program Files\Vim\vim82\gvim.exe" !.!
    			- Check that the filetype in the box below is
    			  {asterisk}.{asterisk} (all files), or whatever types
    			  you want (cec: change {asterisk} to * ; I had to
    			  write it that way because otherwise the helptags
    			  system thinks it's a tag)
    			- Make sure it's at the top of the listbox (click it,
    			  then click "Up" if it's not)
    		If using the Norton Commander style, you just have to hit <F4>
    		to edit a file in a local copy of gvim.

    		(Vit Gottwald) How to generate public/private key and save
    		public key it on server:
      http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter8.html#pubkey-gettingready
    			(8.3 Getting ready for public key authentication)

    		How to use a private key with 'pscp':

      http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter5.html
    			(5.2.4 Using public key authentication with PSCP)

    		(Ben Schmidt) I find the ssh included with cwRsync is
    		brilliant, and install cwRsync or cwRsyncServer on most
    		Windows systems I come across these days. I guess COPSSH,
    		packed by the same person, is probably even better for use as
    		just ssh on Windows, and probably includes sftp, etc. which I
    		suspect the cwRsync doesn't, though it might

    		(cec) To make proper use of these suggestions above, you will
    		need to modify the following user-settable variables in your
    		.vimrc:

    		|g:netrw_ssh_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd|  |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|
    		|g:netrw_rm_cmd|  |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| |g:netrw_rmf_cmd|

    		The first one (|g:netrw_ssh_cmd|) is the most important; most
    		of the others will use the string in g:netrw_ssh_cmd by
    		default.

    						*netrw-p8* *netrw-ml_get*
    	P8. I'm browsing, changing directory, and bang!  ml_get errors      {{{2
    	    appear and I have to kill vim.  Any way around this?

    		Normally netrw attempts to avoid writing swapfiles for
    		its temporary directory buffers.  However, on some systems
    		this attempt appears to be causing ml_get errors to
    		appear.  Please try setting |g:netrw_use_noswf| to 0
    		in your <.vimrc>:
    			let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0

    								*netrw-p9*
    	P9. I'm being pestered with "[something] is a directory" and       {{{2
    	     "Press ENTER or type command to continue" prompts...

    		The "[something] is a directory" prompt is issued by Vim,
    		not by netrw, and there appears to be no way to work around
    		it.  Coupled with the default cmdheight of 1, this message
    		causes the "Press ENTER..." prompt.  So:  read |hit-enter|;
    		I also suggest that you set your 'cmdheight' to 2 (or more) in
    		your <.vimrc> file.

    								*netrw-p10*
    	P10. I want to have two windows; a thin one on the left and my      {{{2
    	     editing window on the right.  How may I accomplish this?

    	     You probably want netrw running as in a side window.  If so, you
    	     will likely find that ":[N]Lexplore" does what you want.  The
    	     optional "[N]" allows you to select the quantity of columns you
    	     wish the |:Lexplore|r window to start with (see |g:netrw_winsize|
    	     for how this parameter works).

    	     Previous solution:

    		* Put the following line in your <.vimrc>:
    			let g:netrw_altv = 1
    		* Edit the current directory:  :e .
    		* Select some file, press v
    		* Resize the windows as you wish (see |CTRL-W_<| and
    		  |CTRL-W_>|).  If you're using gvim, you can drag
    		  the separating bar with your mouse.
    		* When you want a new file, use  ctrl-w h  to go back to the
    		  netrw browser, select a file, then press P  (see |CTRL-W_h|
    		  and |netrw-P|).  If you're using gvim, you can press
    		  <leftmouse> in the browser window and then press the
    		  <middlemouse> to select the file.

    								*netrw-p11*
    	P11. My directory isn't sorting correctly, or unwanted letters are  {{{2
    	     appearing in the listed filenames, or things aren't lining
    	     up properly in the wide listing, ...

    	     This may be due to an encoding problem.  I myself usually use
    	     utf-8, but really only use ascii (ie. bytes from 32-126).
    	     Multibyte encodings use two (or more) bytes per character.
    	     You may need to change |g:netrw_sepchr| and/or |g:netrw_xstrlen|.

    								*netrw-p12*
    	P12. I'm a Windows + putty + ssh user, and when I attempt to        {{{2
    	     browse, the directories are missing trailing "/"s so netrw treats
    	     them as file transfers instead of as attempts to browse
    	     subdirectories.  How may I fix this?

    	     (mikeyao) If you want to use vim via ssh and putty under Windows,
    	     try combining the use of pscp/psftp with plink.  pscp/psftp will
    	     be used to connect and plink will be used to execute commands on
    	     the server, for example: list files and directory using 'ls'.

    	     These are the settings I use to do this:

    	    " list files, it's the key setting, if you haven't set,
    	    " you will get a blank buffer
    	    let g:netrw_list_cmd = "plink HOSTNAME ls -Fa"
    	    " if you haven't add putty directory in system path, you should
    	    " specify scp/sftp command.  For examples:
    	    "let g:netrw_sftp_cmd = "d:\\dev\\putty\\PSFTP.exe"
    	    "let g:netrw_scp_cmd = "d:\\dev\\putty\\PSCP.exe"

    								*netrw-p13*
    	P13. I would like to speed up writes using Nwrite and scp/ssh       {{{2
    	     style connections.  How?  (Thomer M. Gil)

    	     Try using ssh's ControlMaster and ControlPath (see the ssh_config
    	     man page) to share multiple ssh connections over a single network
    	     connection. That cuts out the cryptographic handshake on each
    	     file write, sometimes speeding it up by an order of magnitude.
    	     (see  http://thomer.com/howtos/netrw_ssh.html)
    	     (included by permission)

    	     Add the following to your ~/.ssh/config:

    		 # you change "*" to the hostname you care about
    		 Host *
    		   ControlMaster auto
    		   ControlPath /tmp/%r@%h:%p

    <	     Then create an ssh connection to the host and leave it running:

    		 ssh -N host.domain.com

    	     Now remotely open a file with Vim's Netrw and enjoy the
    	     zippiness:

    		vim scp://host.domain.com//home/user/.bashrc

    								*netrw-p14*
    	P14. How may I use a double-click instead of netrw's usual single   {{{2
    	     click to open a file or directory?  (Ben Fritz)

    	     First, disable netrw's mapping with
    		    let g:netrw_mousemaps= 0
    	     and then create a netrw buffer only mapping in
    	     $HOME/.vim/after/ftplugin/netrw.vim:
    		    nmap <buffer> <2-leftmouse> <CR>
    	     Note that setting g:netrw_mousemaps to zero will turn off
    	     all netrw's mouse mappings, not just the <leftmouse> one.
    	     (see |g:netrw_mousemaps|)

    								*netrw-p15*
    	P15. When editing remote files (ex. :e ftp://hostname/path/file),   {{{2
    	     under Windows I get an |E303| message complaining that its unable
    	     to open a swap file.

    	     (romainl) It looks like you are starting Vim from a protected
    	     directory.  Start netrw from your $HOME or other writable
    	     directory.

    								*netrw-p16*
    	P16. Netrw is closing buffers on its own.                           {{{2
    	     What steps will reproduce the problem?
    		1. :Explore, navigate directories, open a file
    		2. :Explore, open another file
    		3. Buffer opened in step 1 will be closed. o
    	    What is the expected output? What do you see instead?
    		I expect both buffers to exist, but only the last one does.

    	   (Lance) Problem is caused by "set autochdir" in .vimrc.
    	   (drchip) I am able to duplicate this problem with 'acd' set.
    	            It appears that the buffers are not exactly closed;
    		    a ":ls!" will show them (although ":ls" does not).

    								*netrw-P17*
    	P17. How to locally edit a file that's only available via           {{{2
    	     another server accessible via ssh?
    	     See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12469645/
    	     "Using Vim to Remotely Edit A File on ServerB Only
    	      Accessible From ServerA"

    								*netrw-P18*
    	P18. How do I get numbering on in directory listings?               {{{2
    		With |g:netrw_bufsettings|, you can control netrw's buffer
    		settings; try putting
    		  let g:netrw_bufsettings="noma nomod nu nobl nowrap ro nornu"
    		in your .vimrc.  If you'd like to have relative numbering
    		instead, try
    		  let g:netrw_bufsettings="noma nomod nonu nobl nowrap ro rnu"

    								*netrw-P19*
    	P19. How may I have gvim start up showing a directory listing?      {{{2
    		Try putting the following code snippet into your .vimrc:
    		    augroup VimStartup
    		      au!
    		      au VimEnter * if expand("%") == "" && argc() == 0 &&
    		      \ (v:servername =~ 'GVIM\d*' || v:servername == "")
    		      \ | e . | endif
    		    augroup END
    		You may use Lexplore instead of "e" if you're so inclined.
    		This snippet assumes that you have client-server enabled
    		(ie. a "huge" vim version).

    								*netrw-P20*
    	P20. I've made a directory (or file) with an accented character,    {{{2
    		but netrw isn't letting me enter that directory/read that file:

    		Its likely that the shell or o/s is using a different encoding
    		than you have vim (netrw) using.  A patch to vim supporting
    		"systemencoding" may address this issue in the future; for
    		now, just have netrw use the proper encoding.  For example:

    			au FileType netrw set enc=latin1

    								*netrw-P21*
    	P21. I get an error message when I try to copy or move a file:      {{{2

    		**error** (netrw) tried using g:netrw_localcopycmd<cp>; it doesn't work!

    	     What's wrong?

    	     Netrw uses several system level commands to do things (see

    		 |g:netrw_localcopycmd|, |g:netrw_localmovecmd|,
    		 |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|).

    	    You may need to adjust the default commands for one or more of
    	    these commands by setting them properly in your .vimrc.  Another
    	    source of difficulty is that these commands use vim's local
    	    directory, which may not be the same as the browsing directory
    	    shown by netrw (see |g:netrw_keepdir|).

    11. Credits						*netrw-credits* {{{1

    	Vim editor	by Bram Moolenaar (Thanks, Bram!)
    	dav		support by C Campbell
    	fetch		support by Bram Moolenaar and C Campbell
    	ftp		support by C Campbell <NcampObell@SdrPchip.AorgM-NOSPAM>
    	http		support by Bram Moolenaar <bram@moolenaar.net>
    	rcp
    	rsync		support by C Campbell (suggested by Erik Warendorph)
    	scp		support by raf <raf@comdyn.com.au>
    	sftp		support by C Campbell

    	inputsecret(), BufReadCmd, BufWriteCmd contributed by C Campbell

    	Jérôme Augé		-- also using new buffer method with ftp+.netrc
    	Bram Moolenaar		-- obviously vim itself, :e and v:cmdarg use,
    	                           fetch,...
    	Yasuhiro Matsumoto	-- pointing out undo+0r problem and a solution
    	Erik Warendorph		-- for several suggestions (g:netrw_..._cmd
    				   variables, rsync etc)
    	Doug Claar		-- modifications to test for success with ftp
    	                           operation

    Modelines: {{{1
    vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:noet:norl:fdm=marker

Generated by vim2html on 16.10.2025