Selecting Audio - Audacity Development Manual

# Selecting Audio

From Audacity Development Manual

Typical Audacity use involves either:

- selecting or autoselecting the entire project, or
- mouse-selecting only a range of audio in one or more tracks, then modifying the selection's sound with an effect or deleting or moving the range of audio.

You can also read here about selecting using only the keyboard. An exact range accurate to various selection formats (time units, samples or media frames) can be selected using Selection Toolbar.

You have advanced flexibility to select only some of multiple tracks then to select the entirety of those tracks or only a range within them. Rather than change each track the same way, you could instead select all or part of an individual track, and then change each track in a different way.

## Contents

1. Selecting the entire project
   - Auto-select, if selection required
2. Selecting regions using the mouse - quick and easy
   - Mouse selection tips
3. Snap To - to force-snap the cursor or selection edges to the closest or previous position of the current selection format
4. Boundary Snap Guides - facilitates making a selection that starts or ends at a physical boundary
5. Selecting tracks using the mouse
6. Selecting using the keyboard - useful for visually- and motion-impaired users
   - Keyboard selection tips
7. Selection Toolbar - mouse and keyboard users can use this to make precise selections without zooming in
   - Selection Formats
8. Extending or contracting an existing selection
9. Menu commands for selecting
10. Listening to the selection
    - Selecting while audio is playing
11. Label Tracks - a useful way to recall particular selections
12. Spectral selection

## Selecting the entire project

You can select the entire length of all tracks on screen with Select > All or use the shortcut Ctrl + A (or ⌘ + A on a Mac).

### Auto-select, if selection required

There is a setting in Tracks Behaviors Preferences called "Auto-select, if selection required" that auto-selects the entire project (whenever you issue an editing command that depends on a selection) if you have made no explicit time selection in audio tracks.

If you have a Time selection, made by using the Selection Toolbar, but with no audio tracks selected, then the Auto-select will operate on just that time range in all audio tracks.

## Selecting regions using the mouse

The easiest way to select a region of audio is to click the left mouse button anywhere inside of an audio track, then drag (in either direction) until the other edge of your selection is made, then release the mouse.

If it's not already selected, choose the Selection tool from Tools Toolbar, below:

Now click the left mouse button anywhere inside of an audio track, and click and drag to the other edge of your selection, and release.

Normally, you select both the tracks and the range simultaneously, by clicking and dragging. For example, to create the selection in the image below, make sure you're using Selection Tool , click in the track just after 7.0 seconds in the first track, then drag rightwards to 20.5 seconds as displayed on the Timeline, then downwards so that the gray selection region now includes the second track:

Note that because the drag started in the second track (as indicated by the yellow focus border) and extended up into the first track, only those two tracks are selected, as indicated by the blue color of the Track Control Panel. Therefore, any operation you perform will now only affect the selected area of the first two tracks.

This, and the method for selecting all audio are enough for using selections in Audacity.

### Mouse selection tips

Some tips:

- You can drag from left to right or from right to left, it does not matter.
- You can start your selection in one track, and end it in another track, and both tracks (plus the tracks in-between) will all end up selected.
- If you move the mouse past the left or right edge of the window while dragging, Audacity will scroll the window in that direction as long as the mouse button is down.
- Esc key aborts selection drags, and restores the previous time selection, frequency selection (see later on this page), and set of selected tracks.
- After making a selection you can modify it by going back and dragging the left or right edge.

## Snap To

The Selection Toolbar has an Snap To option which force-snaps the cursor or selection edges to the closest position of the current selection format.

- Selecting Nearest from the Snap To dropdown menu will force-snap the cursor or selection edges to the closest.
- Selecting Prior from the same menu will force-snap the cursor or selection edges to the immediately preceding position.

## Boundary Snap Guides

Boundary Snap Guides make it easy to make a selection that starts or ends at a physical boundary, like a label or clip. Whenever snapping is taking place, a yellow vertical line appears to indicate the snap location.

| Note carefully that this is distinct from the "Snap To" options in Selection Toolbar which snap selection edges (or the cursor) to time units, samples or media frames.

## Selecting / deselecting tracks using the mouse

Tracks can be selected, deselecting any other tracks that are already selected, by clicking in the Track Control Panel to the left of a track. Make sure that you click in a neutral area of the Track Control Panel, not inside one of the buttons or sliders.

Clicking on a track's Track Control Panel selects the entire track. That's a very easy way to apply an effect to an entire track. If you want to quickly select the entirety of all tracks, you can choose Select > All or use the Ctrl + A shortcut.

There is another handy way to select an entire track - just double-click inside it. If the track has more than one clip, the double-click selects just that clip.

You can also add specific tracks to the selection and remove specific tracks from the selection as follows (remember to use ⌘ on Mac instead of Ctrl):

- Holding Ctrl and clicking in a track's Track Control Panel toggles the selectedness of that track only. So if a track is not selected, Ctrl-clicking its Track Control Panel selects it, or deselects it if it is already selected.
- If you select a track by clicking on its Track Control Panel and then use Shift and click in another track's Track Control Panel, all tracks between and including those two tracks will be selected.

If you deselect all tracks (by toggling selectedness off in all tracks or by clicking in the gray background underneath the bottom track in the project), any region that was present (as a selection previously) will remain visible in the Timeline.

- This gives you a way to play this selection even though no tracks are selected.
- Also you can restore selectedness of that region to any of the tracks by holding Ctrl and clicking in the track's Track Control Panel.

## Selecting using the keyboard

You can modify the selection entirely using the keyboard. The currently focused track is indicated with a glowing yellow border, as you can see from the track called "Guest" in this image:

To change the focused track, press Up or Down arrow. In this image, we pressed down arrow to change focus to the "Background" track:

Once a track has focus, press Enter or Return to change it from being selected to not selected, or from not selected to selected. Selections are only acted upon if the track containing the selection is itself selected.

If you only have a cursor position, but not a selection, pressing Left or Right moves the cursor to left or right respectively, giving you a new cursor position from which to start a selection.

- To create a selection starting from the cursor point, hold Shift while pressing Left or Right arrow to extend the selection leftwards or rightwards respectively from the cursor point, or to further extend the selection.
- If you extended the selection too far, hold Ctrl + Shift while pressing Left or Right arrow to contract the selection from the right or left edge respectively.

You can always use Selection Toolbar if necessary to find out if you have a selection (if there is only a cursor, the "Length" radio button will show a zero time value).

### Keyboard selection tips

Some tips:

Once you have a selection, hold Shift while pressing Up or Down arrow to extend or contract the selection up or down tracks.

- Shift + Home creates a selection region from time zero in the project (on the timeline above the waveform) to the cursor point.
- Shift + End creates a selection region from the cursor point to the end of the project.
- Select > Region > Track Start to Cursor (or shortcut Shift + J) creates a selection region in the selected tracks from the start of the leftmost audio track to the cursor point. The start of an audio track (the point where its blue waveform begins) does not have to be time zero.
- Select > Region > Cursor to Track End (or shortcut Shift + K) creates a selection region in the selected tracks from the cursor point to the end of the rightmost audio track.

### Creating selections at an exact time

If you already know the exact times at which the selection should start and end, you can use the [ shortcut when the track is not playing, recording or paused to open the "Set Left Selection Boundary" dialog. Use the time digits to set the left-hand boundary of the selection as below. To change the Selection Format of the time units or frame boundaries, right-click (or use the keyboard Context Key) or left-click the downward-pointing triangle to right of the time digits.

- If the cursor is currently to left of where the selection should start, advance the current position of the time digits to move the cursor rightwards to the correct start position. Then use the ] shortcut to bring up the "Set Right Selection Boundary" dialog. Here you can set the time at which the selection should end, which draws the selection.
- If the cursor is currently to right of where the selection should start, use [ if necessary to advance the time digits so as to place the cursor at the intended end of the selection. Then use [ again to set the left boundary of the selection which will draw the selection from that left boundary to your chosen end position.

Exact selections can also be created directly within Selection Toolbar by similarly manipulating the time digits.

Sometimes you may want to create a new selection using the start point (left boundary) of the current selection as the new end point, or using the current end point (right boundary) as the new start point. To do this, press Left arrow to place the cursor where the beginning of the selection was, or Right arrow to place the cursor where the end of the selection was, in both cases removing the selection. Now create and adjust the new selection as above.

If you select "Nearest" (or "Prior") in the Snap To dropdown menu in Selection Toolbar, then using Left, Right, Shift and Ctrl as above will move the cursor or selection edge to the nearest (or previous) second, hundredth of a second, CDDA frame or any chosen selection format.

- Use [ or ] as above to force the cursor or selection to a position outside the current selection format, even if Snap To is enabled.

## Selection Toolbar

One handy way to keep track of what you've selected and to make very precise modifications is to use the Selection Toolbar. For our purposes here, let's concentrate on its main purpose, the Selection boxes. By changing the dropdown menu selection from "Start and End of Selection" to "Start and Length of Selection", you can display and control the length of the selection instead of the endpoint. Which one is useful for you depends on the circumstances: if you need a clip from a song that's exactly 30 seconds long, you may want to set the length to 30, and then modify the start until you have just what you want. Other times you may know the exact end time but need to figure out where to start, independent of the resulting length.

Selection Toolbar also displays and can move the cursor position without there being a region selected. To move the cursor to an exact position using Selection Toolbar, set the "Selection Start" and "End" boxes to the same value.

You can set the values displayed in the Selection Toolbar boxes using the mouse and/or keyboard. To change a particular digit in a box, click on it, or you can navigate to it using only the keyboard:

  Navigating into and through the Selection Toolbar controls
  Key | Action
  --- | ---
  Ctrl + F6 | Move the focus to/from Selection Toolbar
  Tab | Move forwards through the Selection Toolbar controls
  Shift + Tab | Move backwards through the Selection Toolbar controls
  Left / Right | Move cursor between digits or to/from End/Length

Once you have clicked on or navigated to a digit, it will highlight in white to show it is active, as shown in the image below:

You can then increase or decrease the digit's value by scrolling the mouse wheel, by using Up arrow or Down arrow or by typing a new value over the existing value. After typing a value, the cursor automatically moves to the next digit and selects it, so you can type the required values one after the other. If you type the wrong digit(s) it can be convenient to use Backspace which moves the cursor back to the previous digit and resets it to zero.

  Working with the Selection Toolbar digits
  Key | Action
  --- | ---
  Up arrow | Increase the highlighted digit
  Down arrow | Decrease the highlighted digit
  Backspace | Move back to previous digit and reset it to zero. Use the Delete or Ctrl + K shortcut to delete selected audio while Selection Toolbar has focus.

As an alternative to navigating into Selection Toolbar, you can use the [ and ] shortcuts to move the cursor or create selections or to adjust existing selections.

### Selection Formats

By default,Selection Toolbar lets you enter values in units of hours, minutes and milliseconds. This is appropriate and accurate enough for most purposes. However if you need for example to make a selection that is accurate to the nearest sample or is defined in CDDA or film frames, numerous other Selection Formats are available. To choose other formats, click the triangle to right of any box. You can also select in or right-click over any digit in a box (or use a keyboard equivalent).

## Extending or contracting an existing selection

Once you have a selected range you can move either edge of the selection so as to expand or contract the selected length, or you may want to expand the selection at one edge and contract it at the other so as to select a similar length in a slightly different place; Audacity offers multiple methods to facilitate this:

- Hover the mouse pointer near the edge of a selection, when you hover close enough to the edge the mouse pointer changes to a hand with pointing finger (indicating you can now click and drag the selection). Then click and drag with the mouse to move that edge of the selection.

If you want to turn off that feature, open Preferences, choose Tracks then uncheck "Enable dragging of left and right selection edges".

- You can also extend or contract an existing selection by holding down the Shift key while left-clicking the mouse near one of the edges of the selection. The nearest edge of the selection will jump to the current position of the mouse pointer. This is really useful if you know exactly what you want to select but it does not easily fit on the screen at once:

1. Click at one edge of the selection
2. Scroll until the other edge is in view
3. Shift-click to set the other edge of the selection.

- Hold Shift while pressing Left or Right to extend the selection from the left or right edge respectively.
- Hold Ctrl + Shift while pressing Left or Right to contract the selection from the right or left edge respectively.
- Use Selection Toolbar to precisely place the selection boundaries by entering their positions.

- Use the [ or ] shortcut when the track is not playing, recording or paused to open the "Set Left Selection Boundary" or "Set Right Selection Boundary" dialog respectively. Then adjust the position of the left- or right-hand selection boundary. As in Selection Toolbar, to change the Selection Format of the time units or frame boundaries, right-click (or use the keyboard Context Key) or left-click the downward-pointing triangle to right of the time digits.

| Mac users: remember to substitute the Command key for the Control key.

### Including or excluding the existing range in other tracks

You can also change which tracks are selected independently of the range, so that selecting an extra track includes the selected range in that track, and deselecting a selected track moves the selected range out of that track. This gives you complete flexibility to extend, contract or move the existing range up or down between multiple tracks.

To change which tracks are selected without affecting the range, there are multiple methods.

- Hold Shift while clicking on the Track Control Panel to the left of the waveform to toggle its selectedness.
- Press Up or Down to change the focused track, then press Enter to toggle its selectedness.
- Hold Shift while pressing Up or Down arrow to extend or contract the selection up or down into adjacent tracks.

Use the first two of the above methods when you want to select or deselect non-adjacent tracks.

Note that it is possible to have a range selected but no tracks selected. In that case, you will only see the evidence of the selected range in the Timeline.

Advanced: If you enable Sync-Locked Track Groups you do not need to explicitly select other tracks so as to maintain synchronization when inserting, removing or time-shifting audio.

## Menu commands for selecting

The Select menu has several commands that are useful for selecting.

Please see the Select Menu page for details.

## Listening to the selection

With audio, it usually isn't obvious from the waveform what you want to select, so you really want to listen just to the left and right edges of a selection to make sure you are editing the correct part. Also because the purpose of multiple tracks is usually to mix them together as combined audio, by default the selected range plays for all the visible tracks, selected or not. To change this you can mute or solo individual tracks in the Track Control Panel.

But if you are new to audio editing, do not worry. For now, you can just click and drag to create a selection on a single track, and press Space to listen to all of it. Come back here for more help when you start to work on more advanced projects and are having trouble selecting what you want.

### Selecting while audio is playing

Sometimes the easiest way to select an exact portion of audio is to mark the selection boundaries while you're playing (or recording) audio.

To do this, press the [ shortcut to mark the left edge of the audio, then the ] shortcut to mark the right edge and draw the selection.

After you've done that, you'll definitely want to listen to the selection to make sure it was right. Press Space once to stop playback and then press Space again to hear just the selection. There are additional keyboard shortcuts that let you listen to just the beginning or end of a selection - see Special Playback Keyboard Commands for details.

## Label Tracks

A useful way to retain a selection for future use is to label it. While the selection is highlighted press Ctrl + B to label the selected region. For more information see Label Tracks.

The audio defined by a region label can be quickly selected by left-clicking in the label. Tabbing like this will always ensure that at least part of your revised selection is shown on-screen.

### Shortcuts

There are also two shortcut commands to aid navigation between labels that have no menu item or button associated with them, they exist just as shortcuts:

- Alt + Right moves the cursor to the next labeled selection (or point label)
- Alt + Left moves the cursor to the previous labeled selection (or point label)

When the final label is reached in either direction Audacity cycles around the label track.

If you have multiple label tracks then these shortcut commands work on the currently focused label track (the one with the yellow border). If there is more than one label track and none have focus, then the first label track downwards from the focused audio track is used.

| Note that this may have the effect of not having your revised selection showing on-screen as these shortcuts do not update the display accordingly.

## Spectral Selection

Spectral selection is used to make selections that include a frequency range as well as a time range on tracks in spectrogram view. Spectral selection is used with special Spectral edit effects to make changes to the frequency content of the selected audio. Among other purposes spectral selection and editing can be used for cleaning up unwanted sound, enhancing certain resonances, changing the quality of a voice or removing mouth sounds from voice work.

All of the time-based selection techniques (horizontal selection) are still available when doing spectral selection.

See the Spectral Selection page for more details.