Class Poco::Net::IPAddress
Author: Applied Informatics Software Engineering GmbH and Contributors

# Poco::Net

# class IPAddress

Library: Net
Package: NetCore
Header: Poco/Net/IPAddress.h

## Description

This class represents an internet (IP) host address. The address can belong either to the IPv4 or the IPv6 address family.

Relational operators (==, !=, <, <=, >, >=) are supported. However, you must not interpret any special meaning into the result of these operations, other than that the results are consistent.

Especially, an IPv4 address is never equal to an IPv6 address, even if the IPv6 address is IPv4 compatible and the addresses are the same.

IPv6 addresses are supported only if the target platform supports IPv6.

## Member Summary

Member Functions: addr, af, broadcast, family, isBroadcast, isGlobalMC, isIPv4Compatible, isIPv4Mapped, isLinkLocal, isLinkLocalMC, isLoopback, isMulticast, isNodeLocalMC, isOrgLocalMC, isSiteLocal, isSiteLocalMC, isUnicast, isWellKnownMC, isWildcard, length, mask, operator !=, operator &, operator <, operator <=, operator =, operator ==, operator >, operator >=, operator ^, operator |, operator ~, parse, prefixLength, scope, toString, tryParse, wildcard

## Types

### Family

typedef AddressFamily::Family Family;

### List

typedef std::vector < IPAddress > List;

## Enumerations

### Anonymous

MAX_ADDRESS_LENGTH = sizeof (struct in6_addr)

Maximum length in bytes of a socket address.

## Constructors

### IPAddress

IPAddress();

Creates a wildcard (zero) IPv4 IPAddress.

### IPAddress

IPAddress(
const IPAddress & addr
);

Creates an IPAddress by copying another one.

### IPAddress

explicit IPAddress(
Family family
);

Creates a wildcard (zero) IPAddress for the given address family.

### IPAddress

explicit IPAddress(
const std::string & addr
);

Creates an IPAddress from the string containing an IP address in presentation format (dotted decimal for IPv4, hex string for IPv6).

Depending on the format of addr, either an IPv4 or an IPv6 address is created.

See toString() for details on the supported formats.

Throws an InvalidAddressException if the address cannot be parsed.

### IPAddress

IPAddress(
const struct sockaddr & sockaddr
);

Same for struct sock_addr on POSIX.

### IPAddress

IPAddress(
const std::string & addr,
Family family
);

Creates an IPAddress from the string containing an IP address in presentation format (dotted decimal for IPv4, hex string for IPv6).

### IPAddress

IPAddress(
const void * addr,
socklen_t length
);

Creates an IPAddress from a native internet address. A pointer to a in_addr or a in6_addr structure may be passed.

### IPAddress

IPAddress(
unsigned prefix,
Family family
);

Creates an IPAddress mask with the given length of prefix.

### IPAddress

IPAddress(
const void * addr,
socklen_t length,
Poco::UInt32 scope
);

Creates an IPAddress from a native internet address. A pointer to a in_addr or a in6_addr structure may be passed. Additionally, for an IPv6 address, a scope ID may be specified. The scope ID will be ignored if an IPv4 address is specified.

## Destructor

### ~IPAddress

~IPAddress();

Destroys the IPAddress.

## Member Functions

### addr

const void * addr() const;

Returns the internal address structure.

### af

int af() const;

Returns the address family (AF_INET or AF_INET6) of the address.

### broadcast

static IPAddress broadcast();

Returns a broadcast IPv4 address (255.255.255.255).

### family

Family family() const;

Returns the address family (IPv4 or IPv6) of the address.

### isBroadcast

bool isBroadcast() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a broadcast address.

Only IPv4 addresses can be broadcast addresses. In a broadcast address, all bits are one.

For an IPv6 address, returns always false.

### isGlobalMC

bool isGlobalMC() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a global multicast address.

For IPv4, global multicast addresses are in the 224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255 range.

For IPv6, global multicast addresses are in the FFxF:x:x:x:x:x:x:x range.

### isIPv4Compatible

bool isIPv4Compatible() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is IPv4 compatible.

For IPv4 addresses, this is always true.

For IPv6, the address must be in the ::x:x range (the first 96 bits are zero).

### isIPv4Mapped

bool isIPv4Mapped() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is an IPv4 mapped IPv6 address.

For IPv4 addresses, this is always true.

For IPv6, the address must be in the ::FFFF:x:x range.

### isLinkLocal

bool isLinkLocal() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a link local unicast address.

IPv4 link local addresses are in the 169.254.0.0/16 range, according to RFC 3927.

IPv6 link local addresses have 1111 1110 10 as the first 10 bits, followed by 54 zeros.

### isLinkLocalMC

bool isLinkLocalMC() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a link-local multicast address.

For IPv4, link-local multicast addresses are in the 224.0.0.0/24 range. Note that this overlaps with the range for well-known multicast addresses.

For IPv6, link-local multicast addresses are in the FFx2:x:x:x:x:x:x:x range.

### isLoopback

bool isLoopback() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a loopback address.

For IPv4, the loopback address is 127.0.0.1.

For IPv6, the loopback address is ::1.

### isMulticast

bool isMulticast() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a multicast address.

IPv4 multicast addresses are in the 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 range (the first four bits have the value 1110).

IPv6 multicast addresses are in the FFxx:x:x:x:x:x:x:x range.

### isNodeLocalMC

bool isNodeLocalMC() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a node-local multicast address.

IPv4 does not support node-local addresses, thus the result is always false for an IPv4 address.

For IPv6, node-local multicast addresses are in the FFx1:x:x:x:x:x:x:x range.

### isOrgLocalMC

bool isOrgLocalMC() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a organization-local multicast address.

For IPv4, organization-local multicast addresses are in the 239.192.0.0/16 range.

For IPv6, organization-local multicast addresses are in the FFx8:x:x:x:x:x:x:x range.

### isSiteLocal

bool isSiteLocal() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a site local unicast address.

IPv4 site local addresses are in on of the 10.0.0.0/24, 192.168.0.0/16 or 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 ranges.

Originally, IPv6 site-local addresses had FEC0/10 (1111 1110 11) prefix (RFC 4291), followed by 38 zeros. Interfaces using this mask are supported, but obsolete; RFC 4193 prescribes fc00::/7 (1111 110) as local unicast prefix.

### isSiteLocalMC

bool isSiteLocalMC() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a site-local multicast address.

For IPv4, site local multicast addresses are in the 239.255.0.0/16 range.

For IPv6, site-local multicast addresses are in the FFx5:x:x:x:x:x:x:x range.

### isUnicast

bool isUnicast() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a unicast address.

An address is unicast if it is neither a wildcard, broadcast or multicast address.

### isWellKnownMC

bool isWellKnownMC() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a well-known multicast address.

For IPv4, well-known multicast addresses are in the 224.0.0.0/8 range.

For IPv6, well-known multicast addresses are in the FF0x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x range.

### isWildcard

bool isWildcard() const;

Returns true if and only if the address is a wildcard (all zero) address.

### length

socklen_t length() const;

Returns the length in bytes of the internal socket address structure.

### mask

void mask(
const IPAddress & mask
);

Masks the IP address using the given netmask, which is usually a IPv4 subnet mask. Only supported for IPv4 addresses.

The new address is (address & mask).

### mask

void mask(
const IPAddress & mask,
const IPAddress & set
);

Masks the IP address using the given netmask, which is usually a IPv4 subnet mask. Only supported for IPv4 addresses.

The new address is (address & mask) | (set & ~mask).

### operator !=

bool operator != (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator &

IPAddress operator & (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator <

bool operator < (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator <=

bool operator <= (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator =

IPAddress & operator = (
const IPAddress & addr
);

Assigns an IPAddress.

### operator ==

bool operator == (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator >

bool operator > (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator >=

bool operator >= (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator ^

IPAddress operator ^ (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator |

IPAddress operator | (
const IPAddress & addr
) const;

### operator ~

IPAddress operator ~ () const;

### parse

static IPAddress parse(
const std::string & addr
);

Creates an IPAddress from the string containing an IP address in presentation format (dotted decimal for IPv4, hex string for IPv6).

Depending on the format of addr, either an IPv4 or an IPv6 address is created.

See toString() for details on the supported formats.

Throws an InvalidAddressException if the address cannot be parsed.

### prefixLength

unsigned prefixLength() const;

Returns the prefix length.

### scope

Poco::UInt32 scope() const;

Returns the IPv6 scope identifier of the address. Returns 0 if the address is an IPv4 address, or the address is an IPv6 address but does not have a scope identifier.

### toString

std::string toString() const;

Returns a string containing a representation of the address in presentation format.

For IPv4 addresses the result will be in dotted-decimal (d.d.d.d) notation.

Textual representation of IPv6 address is one of the following forms:

The preferred form is x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values of the eight 16-bit pieces of the address. This is the full form. Example: 1080:0:0:0:8:600:200A:425C

It is not necessary to write the leading zeros in an individual field. However, there must be at least one numeral in every field, except as described below.

It is common for IPv6 addresses to contain long strings of zero bits. In order to make writing addresses containing zero bits easier, a special syntax is available to compress the zeros. The use of "::" indicates multiple groups of 16-bits of zeros. The "::" can only appear once in an address. The "::" can also be used to compress the leading and/or trailing zeros in an address. Example: 1080::8:600:200A:425C

For dealing with IPv4 compatible addresses in a mixed environment, a special syntax is available: x:x:x:x:x:x:d.d.d.d, where the 'x's are the hexadecimal values of the six high-order 16-bit pieces of the address, and the 'd's are the decimal values of the four low-order 8-bit pieces of the standard IPv4 representation address. Example: ::FFFF:192.168.1.120

If an IPv6 address contains a non-zero scope identifier, it is added to the string, delimited by a percent character. On Windows platforms, the numeric value (which specifies an interface index) is directly appended. On Unix platforms, the name of the interface corresponding to the index (interpretation of the scope identifier) is added.

### tryParse

static bool tryParse(
const std::string & addr,
IPAddress & result
);

Tries to interpret the given address string as an IP address in presentation format (dotted decimal for IPv4, hex string for IPv6).

Returns true and stores the IPAddress in result if the string contains a valid address.

Returns false and leaves result unchanged otherwise.

### wildcard

static IPAddress wildcard(
Family family = IPv4
);

Returns a wildcard IPv4 or IPv6 address (0.0.0.0).

## Variables

### IPv4

static const Family IPv4 = AddressFamily::IPv4;

### IPv6

static const Family IPv6 = AddressFamily::IPv6;