# Manual de Contrasinais e chaves de cifrado

## Introdución

Pode usar Contrasinais e chaves para crear e xestionar as chaves de PGP e SSH.

Contrasinais e chaves fornece unha interface a algunhas das características de Gnu Privacy Guard (GPG) e integra múltiples compoñentes do escritorio GNOME.

Con Contrasinais e chaves pode:

- Crear e xestionar chaves PGP e SSH.

- Exportar e importar chaves PGP e SSH.

- Compartir as súas chaves con outros,

## Comezando

### Comezar con Contrasinais e chaves

Pode iniciar Contrasinais e chaves das seguintes maneiras:

Menú Aplicativos

- Seleccione Accesorios Contrasinais e chaves.

Liña de ordes

- Escriba `seahorse` e logo prema Intro.

### Ao inicia Contrasinais e chaves

Ao iniciar Contrasinais e chaves, a xanela Contrasinal e chaves mostrarase.

#### A xanela de Contrasinais e chaves

Mostrar a xanela de Contrasinais e chaves.

A xanela de Contrasinais e chaves contén os seguintes elementos:

Barra de menú

- Os menús na barra de menú contén todas as ordes que precisa para traballar co Contrasinais e chaves.

Barra de ferramentas

- Use a barra de ferramentas para acceder rapidamente ás ordes máis usadas.

Lapelas de chaves e contrasinais

- Fornece acceso ás chaves e contrasinais do anel de chaves.

Opcións do primeiro uso

- Fornece acceso rápido ás accións útiles para os usuarios que empregan o programa por primeira vez. Aquí pode atopar:

  - Navegar polo sistema de axuda,

  - Importar chaves ao anel de chaves,

  - Crear novas chaves.

## Crear chaves de OpenPGP

OpenPGP é un protocolo non privativo para o cifrado de correos electrónicos que usa cifrado de chave pública baseado en PGP. Define un estándar para os mensaxes cifrados, sinaturas, chaves privadas e certificados para intercambiar chaves públicas.

O cifrado de chave pública é un concepto que usa dúas chaves: a chave pública, que pode darlle a calquera co que queira comunicarse, e unha chave privada que é privada e debe manter en segredo.

Para crear chaves OpenPGP:

1. Seleccione Ficheiro Novo…

2. Seleccione Chave PGP e prema Continuar

3. Escriba o seu nome completo (nome - apelido), o seu enderezo de correo electrónico é calquera outra información. Tamén pode especificar opcións avanzadas para esta chave: vexa máis abaixo.

4. Prema Crear para crear un novo par de chaves.

5. O diálogo Fase de paso para a nova chave PGP abrirase. Escriba a frase de paso dúas veces para a súa nova chave.

Use similar practices to generating a strong password when choosing a passphrase. The main difference between a password and a passphrase is that, in a passphrase, spaces are valid characters.

### Opcións avanzadas

Expanda a sección Opcións avanzadas da chave para especificar as seguintes opcións para a nova chave:

Tipo de cifrado

- Este campo especifica os algoritmos de cifrado usados para xerar as súas chaves.

  DSA ElGamal

- Esta é a opción suxerida e permitiralle cifrar, descifrar, asinar e verificar así como queira.

DSA

- Só permite asinado.

RSA

- Só permite asinado.

Forza da chave (bits)

- This is the length of the key in bits. The longer the key, the more secure it will be, provided a strong passphrase is used. Conversely, performing any operation with a longer key will require more time than it would with a shorter key. Acceptable values are between 1024 and 4096 bits. At least 2048 bits is recommended.

Data de expiración

- This is the date at which the key will cease to be usable for performing encryption or signing operations. 6 months is a reasonable time to set it to. You will have to either change the expiration date or generate a new key or subkey after this amount of time passes.

  Sign your new key with your old one before it expires to preserve your trust status.

## Crear chaves de Shell segura

Secure Shell (SSH) is a way of logging into a remote computer to execute commands on that machine. SSH keys are used in key-based authentication system, as an alternative to the default password authentication system. With key-based authentication there is no need to manually type a password to authenticate.

As chaves de shell segura están formadas por dúas chaves: chave privada, que debe manter en segredo, e unha chave pública que pode subir a calquera computador que precise acceder.

Para crear unha chave de shell segura:

1. Seleccione Ficheiro Novo…

2. Seleccione Chave de Shell segura e prema Continuar

3. Escriba a descrición de para que se usará a chave. Pode usar o seu enderezo de correo electrónico ou calquera outro recordatorio. Tamén pode especificar as opcións avanzadas para a chave: vexa embaixo.

4. Prema Só crear a cahve para crear unha nova chave, ou Crear e configurar para crear a chave e configurar outro computador para usala para autenticarse.

5. O diálogo Fase de paso para a nova chave de Shell segura abrirase. Escriba a frase de paso dúas veces para a súa nova chave.

   Use similar practices to generating a strong password when choosing a passphrase. The main difference between a password and a passphrase is that, in a passphrase, spaces are valid characters.

### Opcións avanzadas

Expanda a sección Opcións avanzadas da chave para especificar as seguintes opcións para a nova chave:

Tipo de cifrado

- Este campo especifica os algoritmos de cifrado usados para xerar as súas chaves.

  RSA

- Use o algoritmo Rivest-ShamirAdleman (RSA) para crear unha chave SSH. Este é o método prefirido e máis seguro.

DSA

- Use o Algoritmo Digital Signature (DSA) para crear unha chave SSH.

Forza da chave (bits)

- This is the length of the key in bits. The longer the key, the more secure it will be, provided a strong passphrase is used. Conversely, performing any operation with a longer key will require more time than it would with a shorter key. Acceptable values are between 1024 and 4096 bits. At least 2048 bits is recommended.

## Propiedades da chave OpenPGP

As descricións nesta sección aplícanse a todas as chaves OpenPGP.

Para ver as propiedades da chave PGP:

- Seleccione a cahve PGP para a xanela principal.

- Prema dúas veces sobre ela ou seleccione Propiedades desde a barra de ferramentas.

- Seleccione a lapel Detalles

### Propiedades

Pegada dixital

- A pegada dixital é unha cadea de caracteres única que identifica exactamente unha chave.

KeyID

- The KeyID is similar to the Fingerprint. However the KeyID only contains the last 8 characters of the fingerprint. Most of the time it is possible to identify a key with only the KeyID, but occasionally two keys may have the same ID.

Tipo

- Especifica o algoritmo de cifrado usado para xerar a cahve. As chaves DSA só poden asinar. As chaves ElGAmal úsanse para cifrar.

Creada

- Indica a data na que se creou a chave.

Expira

- Indica a data na que non se poderá usar máis a chave.

Forza

- Indica a lonxitude en bits da chave. En xeral canto máis larga sea a chave, máis seguranza fornecerá.

  A long key is not enough to make up for the use of a weak passphrase.

### Confianza

Trust is an indication of how sure you are of a person's ability to correctly extend the web of trust. When you are faced with a key you have not signed, the validity of that person's key will be determined based on the signatures they have collected and how well or not you trust the people who have made those signatures. By default, an unknown key will require 3 signatures with marginal trust value or 1 fully trusted signature.

- Unknown: You are not familiar with the person's ability to sign keys correctly.

- Never: This person cannot correctly sign keys.

- Marginal: This person checks for photo ID before signing a key, but does not necessarily scrutinize the IDs.

- Full: This person scrutinizes each and every person's photo IDs before signing them (e.g. they only sign keys that truely belong to the person asking for the signature).

- Ultimate: This level of trust should only be assigned to your own keys.

### Activar e desactivar chaves

Cando unha chave está activada, pode usarse para levar a cabo operacións de cifrado. Cando unha chave está desactivada, non poderá usarse para cifrarse ou comprobar sinaturas feitas con ela.

### Data de caducidade

A key can no longer be used to perform key operations after it has expired. Changing a key's expiration date to a point in the future re-enables it. A good general practice would be to have a master key that never expires and multiple subkeys that do and are signed by the master key.

### Identidades do usuario

As identidades do usuario permiten que múltiples identidades e correos electrónicos poidan usarse na mesma chave.

Normalmente teñen a forma de:

    Nombre (comentario) <correo electrónico>

#### Engadir unha identidade de usuario

Engadir unha identidade de usuario é útil cando queira ter unha identidade para o seu traballo e unha para os seus amigos.

Para engadir unha identificación de usuario a unha chave:

- Seleccione a chave desde a xanela principal,

- Double click on it or choose Properties from the toolbar,

- Seleccione a lapela Nomes e sinaturas,

- Prema en Engadir nome.

After following the instructions above, you will be presented with a dialog to fill in. The fields are detailed below.

Nome completo

- Escriba o seu nome completo da seguinte forma

      <nome> <apelido>

  O nome medio e inicial son opcionais.

  Debe escribir cando menos 5 caracteres neste campo.

Enderezo de correo electrónico

- O seu enderezo de correo electrónico é como a maioría das persoas atoparán a súa chave nun servidor de chaves ou fornecedor de chaves. Asegúrese que é correcto antes de continuar.

  Debe ter o seguinte formato

      <username>@<domainname>

Comentario da chave

- The comment field can be used to place any additional information into the displayed name of your new ID. This information can be searched for on key servers.

### Identificacións fotográficas

Photo IDs allow a key owner to embed one or more pictures of themselves in a key. These identities can be signed just like normal user IDs. A photo ID must be in JPEG format and is recommended to be no larger than 240x288 pixels.

If the chosen image is not of the required file type or size Passwords and Keys can resize and convert it on the fly from any image format supported by the GDK library.

### Cambiar a frase de paso

Para cambiar a frase de paso asignada a unha chave:

- Seleccione a chave desde a xanela principal,

- Prema dúas veces sobre ela ou seleccione Propiedades desde a barra de ferramentas.

- Prema en Cambiar frase de paso.

Escriba a nova frase de paso e prema Aceptar.

### Eliminar unha chave

Para eliminar unha chave do seu anel de chaves:

- Seleccione a chave desde a xanela principal,

- Right click on it and choose Delete Key or choose Edit Delete Key .

Pode eliminar as súas chaves, confianzas de chaves e chaves recolectadas.

## Propiedades da subchave OpenPGP

Each OpenPGP key has a single master key used to sign only. Subkeys are used to encrypt and to sign as well. In this way, if your sub key is compromised, you don't need to revoke your master key.

Identificador

- Este é o identificador da subchave.

Tipo

- Especifica o algoritmo de cifrado usado para xerar a subchave. As chaves DSA só poden asinar. As chaves ElGamal úsanse para cifrar mentres que as chaves RSA úsanse para asinar e cifrar.

Creada

- Indica a data na que se creou a chave.

Expira

- Indica a data na que non se poderá usar máis a chave.

Estado

- Indica o estado da chave.

Forza

- Indica a lonxitude en bits dunha chave. En xeral canto máis larga sea a chave, máis seguranza fornecerá.

  A long key is not enough to make up for the use of a weak passphrase.

### Engadir unha subchave

To add a subkey to a key, from the Subkeys section click on Add button.

After following the instructions above, you will be presented with a dialog to fill in. The fields are detailed below.

Tipo de chave

- Especifica o algoritmo de cifrado usado para xerar a subchave.

  DSA

- Use o Algoritmo Digital Signature (DSA) para crear a subchave. Esta subchave só poderá asinar.

ElGamal

- Use the ElGamal algorithm to create the subkey. This subkey can encrypt only.

RSA

- Use the Rivest-Shamir Adleman (RSA) algorithm to create the subkey. This subkey can be used to sign or encrypt, but you have to create two different subkeys.

Lonxitude de chave

- Indicates the length in bits of the subkey. In general the longer the key, the more security it provides.

Data de caducidade

- Indicates the date the subkey can no longer be used.

### Changing a Subkey Expiration Date

To change a subkey expiration date, select the subkey from the Subkeys section, then:

- Click on the Expire button on the left,

- From the date dialog choose the new expiration date or select Never expires for no expiration date.

### Revogar unha subchave

To revoke a subkey, select the subkey from the Subkeys section, then:

- Click on the Revoke button on the left,

- Choose a reason why to revoke the subkey:

  No Reason

- There isn't a specific reason to revoke the key.

Compromised

- The key has been compromised.

Superseded

- The key has been superseded by another one.

Not Used

- The key is not used anymore.

- Enter a description of why you are revoking the key,

- Click on Revoke.

The effect of revoking a subkey is immediate.

### Eliminar unha subchave

To delete a subkey, select the subkey from the Subkeys section, then:

- Click on the Delete button on the left.

## Secure Shell Key Properties

The descriptions in this section apply to all SSH keys.

To view properties of a SSH key:

- Select the Secure Shell key from the main window,

- Double click on it or choose Properties from the toolbar,

- Select the Details tab.

### Propiedades

Pegada dixital

- A pegada dixital é unha cadea de caracteres única que identifica exactamente unha chave.

Algorithm

- Specifies the encryption algorithm used to generate a key.

Location

- This is the location where the private key has been stored.

Forza

- Indica a lonxitude en bits da chave. En xeral canto máis larga sea a chave, máis seguranza fornecerá.

  A long key is not enough to make up for the use of a weak passphrase.

### Deleting a Secure Shell Key

To delete a Secure Shell key:

- Select the SSH key from the main window,

- Right click on it and choose Delete key or choose Edit Delete Key .

## Importing Keys

To import keys choose File Import and select, from the file chooser, a file containing at least one ASCII armored public key.

Importing can also be performed by pasting the keys inside Passwords and Keys:

- Select an ASCII armored public block of text,

- Copy it to the clipboard,

- Choose Edit Paste Keys .

## Exporting Keys

To export keys, select the keys in the main window and choose File Export .

You can also export keys to the clipboard in an ASCII armored block of text:

- Select the keys in the main window,

- Choose Edit Copy Keys .

## Signing a Key

Signing another person's key means you are giving trust to that person. Before signing a key, you have to carefully check the key's fingerprint to be sure that the key really belongs to that person.

To sign a key in your keyring:

- Select the key you want to sign from the Trusted Keys or Other Collected Keys tabs,

- Choose Sign from the toolbar or File Sign ,

- Select how carefully the key has been checked,

- Indicate if the signature should be local to your keyring, and if your signature can be revoked,

- Click on Sign.

## Preferences

This section describes the preferences settable in Passwords and Keys by choosing Edit Preferences from within Passwords and Keys.

### Password Keyrings

#### Creating Keyrings

To create a new keyring, from the menu choose File New and choose Password Keyring. Enter a name for the new keyring, and press enter.

#### Changing Keyring Passwords

To change the unlock password of the keyring, first select the appropriate keyring and then press Change Unlock Password button. You will then be prompted to type the old password in the Old password text box, the new password in the New password text box and confirm it in the Confirm password text box. To apply the settings, press Change. If the old password is correct, you will get a status message indicating the success of the operation. If the old password is not correct you will be asked to check its correctness.

#### Removing Keyrings

To remove a keyring, first select the appropriate keyring and then from the menu choose Edit Delete.

### Key Servers

Keep your and other's keys up to date by syncing keys periodically with remote keyservers. Syncing will make sure that you have the latest signatures made on all of your keys so that the web of trust will be the most useful.

Passwords and Keys provides support for HKP and LDAP keyservers.

HKP Servers

- HKP keyservers are ordinary web based keyservers such as the popular hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net, also accessible at http://sks-keyservers.net.

LDAP Keyservers

- LDAP keyservers are less common, but use the standard LDAP protocol to serve keys. ldap://keyserver.pgp.com is a good LDAP server.

### Key Sharing

Key Sharing is provided by DNS-SD, also known as Bonjour or Rendevous. Enabling key sharing will add the local Passwords and Keys users' public key rings to the remote search dialog. Using these local "key servers" will most likely be faster than accessing remote servers.

## About Passwords and Keys

Passwords and Keys, its associated plugins, the preferences applet and the panel applet are known collectively as Seahorse. Seahorse was written by Jacob Perkins. The current maintainers are Stef Walter and Adam Schreiber. This manual is by Adam Schreiber. The project's web site was designed by Jim Pharis. To find more information about Seahorse, the project , please visit the Seahorse web page.

To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding this application or this manual, follow the directions in the Feedback section of the GNOME User Guide.

This program is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public license as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. A copy of this license is included with this documentation; another can be found in the file COPYING included with the source code of this program.