LATEX2MAN

# LaTeX2man -
A Documentation Tool

#### Dr. Jürgen Vollmer

#### 2026/01/16

#### Version 1.30

Latex2man is a tool to translate UNIX manual pages written with LaTeXinto a format understood by the UNIX man(1)-command. Alternatively HTML, TexInfo, or LaTeX code can be produced too. Output of parts of the text may be suppressed using the conditional text feature (for this, LaTeX generation may be used).

### Table of Contents

- Synopsis
- Description
- Options
- Files
- See Also
- LaTeX commands
  - Package Options
  - Package Specific Environments
  - Accepted LaTeX Environments
  - Package Specific Macros
  - Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package
  - Accepted LaTeX Macros
  - Conditional Text
  - Translation of User Defined Macros
  - Verbatim Environment
  - Subsection works
    - Subsubsection works
    - Subsubsection still works
  - General Remarks
- CSS classnames
- Some Bug Fix Tests
- Requirements
- Changes
- Version
- License and Copyright
- Author

## Synopsis

latex2man [-ttransfile] [-cCSSfile] [-HMTL] [-h] [-V] [-Cname] [-achar] infile outfile

## Description

Latex2man reads the file infile and writes outfile. The input must be a LaTeX document using the latex2man LaTeXpackage. Latex2man translates that document into the troff(1) format using the -man macro package.

Using the -H option, HTML code can be produced, instead of troff(1). With this option you can, optionally, specify a CSSfile as an argument. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to control the appearance of the resulting HTML page. See below for the names of CSS classes that are included in the HTML tags as attributes.

Using the -T option, TexInfo code can be produced, instead of troff(1).

Using the -M option, troff(1) input is produced.

Using the -L option, LaTeX ouput can be produced, instead of troff(1).

## Options

-ttransfile
  Translation for user defined LaTeX macros.
-cCSSfile
  If you use the -H you can also specify a file that contains CSS style sheets. The link to the CSS file is inserted into the generatedHTML output using the specified CSSfile filename.
-M
  Produce output suitable for the man(1) command (default).
-H
  Instead of producing output suitable for the man(1) command, HTML code is produced (despite the name of the command).
-T
  Instead of producing output suitable for the man(1) command, TexInfo code is produced (despite the name of the command). The generated .texi-file may be processed with makeinfo(1) (to produce an .info-file) which in turn may be installed using install-info(1). The Info tags `@dircategory` and `@direntry` are provided.
-L
  The LaTeX source is written to the outfile. This is useful in conjunction with the -Cname option.
-Cname
  Output the conditional text for name. If more than one name should be given use quotes: -C'name1 name2 ...'
  The following names are defined automatically:
  - -H defines `HTML`
  - -T defines `TEXI`
  - -M defines `MAN`
  - -L defines `LATEX`
-achar
  Is used only in conjunction with -T.
  Background:
  TexInfo ignores all blanks before the first word on a new line. In order to produce some additional space before that word (using \SP) some character has to be printed before the additional space. By default this is a . (dot). The char specifies an alternative for that first character. Giving a blank to -a supresses the indentation of a line.
  Note: only for the first \SP of a series that char is printed.
-h
  Show a help text.
-V
  Show version information.

## Files

latex2man.tex
  The LaTeX file containing this Man-page.
latex2man.inc
  A file read with `\input{..}` .
latex2man.sty
  The LaTeX package defining the environments and commands.
latex2man.cfg
  The configuration file for Latex2man LaTeX-package.
latex2man.css
  File containing example CSS definitions.
latex2man.trans
  File containing example translations of user defined LaTeX macros.
fancyheadings.sty
  A LaTeX package used to typeset head- and foot lines.
fancyhdr.sty
  A LaTeX package used to typeset head- and foot lines.
rcsinfo.sty
  A LaTeX package used to extract and use RCS version control information in LaTeX documents.

`latex2man.pdf`
  The PDF version of this document.

## See Also

LaTeX,TexInfo, troff(1), groff(1), makeinfo(1).

## LaTeX commands

The LaTeX package `latex2man` is used to write the Man-pages with LaTeX.Since we translate into other text formats, not all LaTeX stuff can be translated.

#### Package Options

The `latex2man` package accepts the following options:

fancy
  use the LaTeX package `fancyheadings`.
fancyhdr
  use the LaTeX package `fancyhdr`.
nofancy
  neither the LaTeX package `fancyheadings` nor `fancyhdr` are used.

The default option may be specified in the file `latex2man.cfg`.

#### Package Specific Environments

The following environments are provided by the package:

\begin{Name}{chapter}{name}{author}{info}{title}
  The `Name` environment takes five arguments: 1. the Man-page chapter, 2. the name of the Man-page, 3. the author, 4. some short information about the tool printed in the footline of the Man-page, and 5. a text which is used as title, for HTML and LaTeX (it's ignored for output of the Man-page or TeXinfo. The `Name` environment must be the first environment in the document. Processing starts with this environment. Any text before this is ignored (exception: the `setVersion` and `setDate` commands). (Note: all arguments of \begin{Name} must be written on one line).
\begin{Table}[width]{columns}
  The `Table` environment takes two arguments: the first optional one specifies a width of the last column, the second one gives the number of columns. For example:

  `\begin{Table}[2cm]{3}`
  `Here & am & I \\\hline`
  `A 1 & A 2 & A 3 1 2 3 4 5 A 3 1 2 3 4 5 \\`
  `B 1 & B 2 & B 3 \\`
  `\end{Table}`

  will be typeset as:

  Here | am | I
  A 1 | A 2 | A 3 1 2 3 4 5 A 3 1 2 3 4 5
  B 1 | B 2 | B 3

  If no optional width argument is given, all entries are typeset left justified. The width is a length measured absolutly in cm. Processing with LaTeX a `p{width}` column is typeset as last column. The translation to troff(1) commands results in a `lw(width)` column specification. Translating to HTML and TexInfo ignores the width parameter.

  `\hline` may be used.

  If the Man-page is formatted with troff(1) and tables are used, the tbl(1) preprocessor should be called, usually by giving a -t to the call of troff(1). When viewing the generated manula page using man(1), tbl(1) is called automatically.

\begin{Description}
  is the same as \begin{description}
\begin{Description}[label]
  is similar to \begin{description}, but the item labels have at minimum the size of the (optional) word label. The difference is visible only in the DVI and PDF-output, not in the troff, TexInfo or HTML output.
  a
    |a `\begin{description}`
  ab
    |ab
  abc
    |abc
  a
    |a `\begin{Description}`
  ab
    |ab
  abc
    | abc
  a
    |a `\begin{Description}[aa]`
  ab
    |ab
  abc
    |abc

#### Accepted LaTeX Environments

The following environments are accepted:

- `description`
- `enumerate`
- `itemize`
- `verbatim`
- `center`

They may be nested:

- Itemize and nested center:
  A centered line.
  Another centered line.
- Another item an nested enumerate
  1. a
  2. b

#### Package Specific Macros

The following commands are provided:

\Opt{option}
  Option: `\Opt{-o}` will be typeset as -o.
\Arg{argument}
  Argument: `\Arg{filename}` will be typeset as filename.
\OptArg{option}{argument}
  Option with Argument:
  `\OptArg{-o}{filename}` will be typeset as -ofilename.
\OptoArg{option}{argument}
  Option with optional Argument:
  `\OptoArg{-o}{filename}` will be typeset as -o[filename].
\oOpt{option}
  Optional option, e.g. `\oOpt{-o}` will be typeset as [-o].
\oArg{argument}
  Optional argument, e.g. `\oArg{filename}` will be typeset as [filename].
\oOptArg{option}{argument}
  Optional option with argument, e.g.
  `\oOptArg{-o}{filename}` will be typeset as [-ofilename].
\oOptoArg{option}{argument}
  Optional option with optional argument, e.g.
  `\oOptoArg{-o}{filename}` will be typeset as [-o[filename]].
\File{filename}
  used to typeset filenames, e.g. `\File{filename}` will be typeset as filename.
\Prog{prog}
  used to typeset program names, e.g. `\Prog{latex2man}` will be typeset as latex2man.
\Cmd{command}{chapter}
  used to typeset references to other commands, e.g.
  `\Cmd{latex2man}{1}` will be typeset as latex2man(1).
\Bar
  is typeset as |.
\Bs
  (BackSlash) is typeset as \.
\Tilde
  is typeset as a ~.
\Dots
  is typeset as ...
\Bullet
  us typeset as *.
\setVersion{..}
  set `..` as version information.
\setVersionWord{..}
  set `..` for the word Version: in the footline.
  The default is `\setVersionWord{Version:}`.
\Version
  returns the version information.
\setDate{..}
  sets `..` as date information.
\Date
  returns the date information.
\Email{..}
  use to mark an Email address:
  `\Email{Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de}` is typeset as:
  Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de.
\URL{..}
  use to mark an URL: `\URL{http://www.foo.de/\Tilde vollmer}` is typeset as
  `http://www.foo.de/~vollmer`.
\LatexManEnd
  the input file is read and processed until reading end-of-file or
  `\LatexManEnd` (at the beginning of a line). LaTeXignores this command.
\Lbr, \Rbr
  is typeset as [ and ] (these variants are needed only somtimes like in
  `\item[FooBar\LBr xx \Lbr]`. Usually `[ ]` will work.
\LBr, \RBr
  is typeset as { and } (these variants are needed when using { or } as arguments to macros.
\Circum
  is typeset as ^.
\Percent
  is typeset as %.
\TEXbr
  If processed with LaTeX causes a linebreak (i.e. is equivalent to \\).In the output of latex2man this macro is ignored.
\TEXIbr
  If TexInfo output is generated, causes a linebreak (i.e. is equivalent to \\),otherwise ignored.
\MANbr
  If Man-Page output is generated, causes a linebreak (i.e. is equivalent to \\),otherwise ignored.
\HTMLbr
  If HTML output is generated, causes a linebreak (i.e. is equivalent to \\),otherwise ignored.
\medskip
  An empty line.
\SP
  Produces some extra space, works also at the beginning of lines. The code of the second line looks like: `\SP abc \SP\SP xx\\`:
  abc xx
  abc xx
  abc xx

  Note: Due to some ``problems'' with TexInfo, the lines starting with `\SP` have a leading . (dot) in the TexInfo output, see -achar.

#### Accepted Macros from the rcsinfo Package

\rcsInfo $Id ...$
  if the LaTeX package rcsinfo is used, this command is used to extract the date of the Man-page.
\rcsInfoLongDate
  if the LaTeX package rcsinfo is used, this command is used to typeset the date coded in the `$Id ..$` string.

#### Accepted LaTeX Macros

The following standard LaTeX commands are accepted:

\section{..}
  The `section` macro takes one argument: the name of the Man-page section. Each Man-page consists of several sections. Usually there are the following sections in a Man-page: Name (special handling as environment, c.f. above), Synopsis, Description, Options, Files, See Also, Diagnostics, Return Values, Bugs, Author, version, etc.

  Synopsis must be the first section after the `Name` environment.

  Note: Do not use LaTeX-macrosin section names.

\subsection{..}
  works as well as
\subsubsection{..}
  those.
\emph{..}
  `\emph{example}` is typeset as example.
\textbf{..}
  `\textbf{example}` is typeset as example.
\texttt{..}
  `\texttt{example}` is typeset as `example`.
\underline{..}
  `\underline{example}` is typeset as example of underline.
\date{..}
  uses `..` as date.
\verb+..+
  but only + is allowed as delimiter.
$<$
  is typeset as <.
$>$
  is typeset as >.
$<=$
  is typeset as <=.
$>=$
  is typeset as >=.
$=$
  is typeset as =.
$<>$
  is typeset as <>.
$\ge$
  is typeset as $>$.
$\le$
  is typeset as $<=$.
$\leftarrow$
  is typeset as $<--$.
$\Leftarrow$
  is typeset as $<==$.
$\rightarrow$
  is typeset as $-->$.
$\Rightarrow$
  is typeset as $==>$.
\{
  is typeset as {.
\}
  is typeset as }.
\$
  is typeset as $.
\$
  is typeset as $,should be used inside macro arguments.
\_
  is typeset as _.
\&
  is typeset as &.
\#
  is typeset as #.
\%
  is typeset as %.
\,
  is typeset as smaller blank - - (between the two -)
\-
  is used to mark hyphenation in a word.
\\
  is typeset as a linebreak or marks the end of a column in the `Table` environment.
\
  (a \ followed by a blank) is typeset as a blank, although it cannot be used at the beginning of a line to make indentation (see the `\SP` command).
~
  is typeset as a blank.
\copyright
  is typeset as ©.
\noindent
\hline
  inside a `Table` environment.
\item
  inside a `itemize`, `enumerate`, or `description` environment.
\today
  16 January 2026 (see also the `rcsinfo` LaTeXpackage).
\ss,\"a, ...
  \ss = ß, \"a= ä, \"o= ö, \"u= ü, \"A= Ä, \"O= Ö, \"U= Ü. It is allowed to surround these macros in { and } in all places, even inside other macros, e.g.

           \textbf{\"a\"o\"u\"A\"O\"U\ss}
           \textbf{\"a}{\"o}{\"u}{\"A}{\"O}{\"U}{\ss}}
           \textbf{äöüÄÖÜß}

  äöüÄÖÜß äöüÄÖÜß äöüÄÖÜß

  If these letters are used in their LATIN-1 8-bit coding, they are translated into the equivalent letter of the desired output format. E.g. `Ä` becomes `&Auml`; in HTML and `@"A` in texinfo.

\input{..}
  Read and process the given filename.

Please note: the name of the LaTeX-macrosand its arguments must be contained in one line.

#### Conditional Text

latex2man preprocesses the LaTeX input to allow text to be used conditionally. A special sort of LaTeX comment is used for that purpose.

- %@% IF condition %@%
- %@% ELSE %@%
- %@% END-IF %@%

A line must contain only such a comment and nothing else. condition is a boolean expression containing ``names'' and operators. The names given with the -Cname option have the value ``true'', while all other names occuring in the expression are assumed to be ``false''. If the evaluation of the boolean expression results in the value ``true'', the text in the ``then''-part is used and the text in the optional ``else''-part is skipped (and vice versa). The `IF/ELSE/END-IF` may be nested. As boolean operators the following are allowed:

|| | boolean or
&& | boolean and
! | negation

( and ) for grouping are allowed.

For example:
%@% IF abc %@%
``abc set
``%@% IF xyz %@%
``xyz set
``%@% ELSE %@%
``xyz NOT set
``%@% END-IF %@%
%@% ELSE %@%
``abc NOT set
``%@% IF xyz || !XYZ %@%
``xyz OR !XYZ set
``%@% ELSE %@%
``xyz OR !XYZ NOT set
``%@% END-IF %@%
%@% END-IF %@%

Run this manual page through latex2man with e.g. -C'abc XYZ' and have a look to the generated output. (If simply running the LaTeX-document through LaTeX,all lines are shown in the .dvi file).
abc NOT set
xyz OR !XYZ set

To check the conditional text feature, when latex2man is called with

-CHTML
  the lines 1a, 2b, 3b, and 4b;
-CTEXI
  the lines 1b, 2a, 3b, and 4b;
-CMAN
  the lines 1b, 2b, 3a, and 4b;
-CLATEX
  the lines 1b, 2b, 3b, and 4a;
calling LaTeX without preprocessing
  all lines

should be shown:

1a. This text occurs only when viewing the HTML output.

2b. The TEXI conditional was not set.

3b. The MAN conditional was not set.

4b. The LATEX conditional was not set.

#### Translation of User Defined Macros

The user macro translation file (given by the [-ttransfile]) contains Perl commands specifying the translation of LaTeX macros defined by the user. These macros may have none, one or two arguments. The following code is expected:

- Comments start with a # up to the end of the line.
- For a macro `\foo` with no arguments, the following code must be specified:
  Translation to Man-Pages
    `$manMacro{'foo'} = '...';`
  Translation to HTML
    `$htmlMacro{'foo'} = '...';`
  Translation to TexInfo
    `$texiMacro{'foo'} = '...';`

  where `...` is the translation.

- For a macro `\foo{..}` with one argument, the following code must be specified:
  Translation to Man-Pages
    `$manMacro1a{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$manMacro1b{'foo'} = '...';`
  Translation to HTML
    `$htmlMacro1a{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$htmlMacro1b{'foo'} = '...';`

  Translation to TexInfo
    `$texiMacro1a{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$texiMacro1b{'foo'} = '...';`

  where `...` is the translation. The `1a` code is used before the argument, while `1b` is typeset after the argument is set.

- For a macro `\foo{..}{..}` with two arguments, the following code must be specified:
  Translation to Man-Pages
    `$manMacro2a{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$manMacro2b{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$manMacro2c{'foo'} = '...';`
  Translation to HTML
    `$htmlMacro2a{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$htmlMacro2b{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$htmlMacro2c{'foo'} = '...';`
  Translation to TexInfo
    `$texiMacro2a{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$texiMacro2b{'foo'} = '...';`
    `$texiMacro2c{'foo'} = '...';`

  where `...` is the translation. The `2a` code is used before the first argument, `2b` between the two arguments and `2c` is typeset after the second argument is set.

- The file latex2man.trans contains some example code.

#### Verbatim Environment

    This
        {is}
            \texttt{a}
                      $test$
                             _of_
    verbatim
    <this is no HTML tag> and no @* TexInfo command

#### Subsection works

This is a `\subsection`.

##### Subsubsection works

This is a `\subsubsection`.

##### Subsubsection still works

This is another `\subsubsection`.

#### General Remarks

1. Empty lines are typeset as paragraph separators.
2. The arguments of the LaTeX commands must not be split over several lines.
3. Do not nest calls to macros.
4. Except the mentioned environment and macros, the usage of other LaTeX environments or macros are not translated. Their usage will cause garbage in the output.
5. latex2man requires Perl version >= 5.0004_03.
6. If you want to install the system with the distributed Makefile, you need GNU-make. If you don't have it, you should execute the steps shown in the Makefile manually.

## CSS classnames

The table below shows the names of CSS classes that will be included in the HTML tags as attributes. You can specify the CSS style properties in the CSSfile for these classes:

HTML tag | Class | Style applies to
body |  | the body of the HTML page
h1 | titlehead | the title at the top of the HTML page specified as an argument to the Name environment
h4 | authorhead | the author at the top of the HTML page specified as an argument to the Name environment
h4 | datehead | the date at the top of the HTML page
h4 | versionhead | the man page version at the top of the HTML page specified as an argument to the setVersion macro
h2 | sectionname | a section title specified as an argument to the section macro
h4 | subsectionname | a subsection title specified as an argument to the subsection macro
h5 | subsubsectionname | a subsubsection title specified as an argument to the subsubsection macro
font | progname | a program name specified as an argument to the Prog macro
font | filename | a file name specified as an argument to the File macro
font | commandname | a command name specified as an argument to the Cmd macro
font | textstyle | all text that is not an argument to some LaTeX or latex2man macro
font | optstyle | a name of an option specified as an argument to the Opt, oOpt, OptArg, oOptArg or oOptoArg macros
font | argstyle | a name of an argument specified as an argument to the Arg, oArg, OptArg, oOptArg or oOptoArg macros
a, font | urlstyle | a URL specified as an argument to the URL macro
a, font | urlstyle.link | subclass of urlstyle class
a, font | urlstyle.visited | subclass of urlstyle class
a, font | urlstyle.hover | subclass of urlstyle class
a, font | emailstyle | an email specified as an argument to the Email macro
a, font | emailstyle.link | subclass of emailstyle class
a, font | emailstyle.visited | subclass of emailstyle class
a, font | emailstyle.hover | subclass of emailstyle class
table | tablestyle | a table specified as a Table environment
tr | rowstyle | a row of a table specified as a Table environment
td | cellstyle | a cell of a table specified as a Table environment

## Some Bug Fix Tests

Leading . and '
  Now leading . and ' in generation troff output should work propperly, since a `\&` is added. Therfore the `\Dot` macro has been deleted.
  Thanks to Frank.Schilder@Mathematik.Tu-Ilmenau.De.
  Testcase 1:
  '\n'
    ...
  Testcase 2:
  .foobar Testcase 3:
  ...

  abc ...abc . efg ' 123

% in verbatim
  A % in a \verb and verbatim-environment was not emitted correctly. Thanks to Aleksey Nogin nogin@cs.caltech.edu for the bug report and bug fix.

  `% abc`

         % abc %

  but ignore comments following this:

## Requirements

Perl
  latex2man requires Perl version >= 5.0004_03.
Make
  If you want to install the system with the distributed Makefile, you need GNU-make. If you don't have it, you should execute the steps shown in the Makefile manually.
LaTeX
  LaTeX2e is required.

## Changes

Please check the file `latex2man-CHANGES.html` for the list of changes and acknowledgment to people contributing bugfixes or enhancements.

## Version

Version: 1.30 of 2026/01/16.

## License and Copyright

Copyright
  © 1998, Dr. Jürgen Vollmer, Am Rennbuckel 21, D-76185 Karlsruhe, Germany,
  Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de

  The most recent version of Latex2man may be found on my homepage
  `http://www.informatik-vollmer.de/software/latex2man.html`.

License
  This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either version 1 of the License, or any later version.

Misc
  If you find this software useful, please send me a postcard from the place where you are living.

## Author

Dr. Jürgen Vollmer
Am Rennbuckel 21
D-76185 Karlsruhe
Email: Juergen.Vollmer@informatik-vollmer.de
WWW: `http://www.informatik-vollmer.de`.