<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!DOCTYPE document [
  <!ENTITY project SYSTEM "project.xml">
]>
<document url="html-manager-howto.html">

    &project;

    <properties>
        <author email="glenn@apache.org">Glenn L. Nielsen</author>
        <title>Tomcat Web Application Manager How To</title>
    </properties>

<body>

<section name="Table of Contents">
<toc/>
</section>

<section name="Introduction">

<p>In many production environments it is very useful to have the capability
to manage your web applications without having to shut down and restart
Tomcat.  This document is for the HTML web interface to the web application
<a href="manager-howto.html">manager</a>.</p>

<p>The interface is divided into six sections:</p>
<ul>
  <li><strong>Message</strong> - Displays success and failure messages.</li>
  <li><strong>Manager</strong> - General manager operations like list and
      help.</li>
  <li><strong>Applications</strong> - List of web applications and
      commands.</li>
  <li><strong>Deploy</strong> - Deploying web applications.</li>
  <li><strong>Diagnostics</strong> - Identifying potential problems.</li>
  <li><strong>Server Information</strong> - Information about the Tomcat
      server.</li>
</ul>

</section>

<section name="Message">

<p>
Displays information about the success or failure of the last web application
manager command you performed. If it succeeded <strong>OK</strong> is displayed
and may be followed by a success message. If it failed <strong>FAIL</strong>
is displayed followed by an error message. Common failure messages are
documented below for each command.  The complete list of failure messages for
each command can be found in the <a href="manager-howto.html">manager</a> web
application documentation.
</p>

</section>

<section name="Manager">

<p>The Manager section has three links:</p>
<ul>
  <li><strong>List Applications</strong> - Redisplay a list of web
      applications.</li>
  <li><strong>HTML Manager Help</strong> - A link to this document.</li>
  <li><strong>Manager Help</strong> - A link to the comprehensive Manager
      App HOW TO.</li>
</ul>

</section>

<section name="Applications">

<p>The Applications section lists information about all the installed web
applications and provides links for managing them. For each web application
the following is displayed:</p>
<ul>
  <li><strong>Path</strong> - The web application context path.</li>
  <li><strong>Display Name</strong> - The display name for the web application
      if it has one configured in its "web.xml" file.</li>
  <li><strong>Running</strong> - Whether the web application is running and
      available (true), or not running and unavailable (false).</li>
  <li><strong>Sessions</strong> - The number of active sessions for remote
      users of this web application.  The number of sessions is a link which
      when submitted displays more details about session usage by the web
      application in the Message box.</li>
  <li><strong>Commands</strong> - Lists all commands which can be performed on
      the web application. Only those commands which can be performed will be
      listed as a link which can be submitted. No commands can be performed on
      the manager web application itself. The following commands can be
      performed:
      <ul>
        <li><strong>Start</strong> - Start a web application which had been
            stopped.</li>
        <li><strong>Stop</strong> - Stop a web application which is currently
            running and make it unavailable.</li>
        <li><strong>Reload</strong> - Reload the web application so that new
            ".jar" files in <code>/WEB-INF/lib/</code> or new classes in
            <code>/WEB-INF/classes/</code> can be used.</li>
        <li><strong>Undeploy</strong> - Stop and then remove this web
             application from the server.</li>
      </ul>
  </li>
</ul>

<subsection name="Start">

<p>Signal a stopped application to restart, and make itself available again.
Stopping and starting is useful, for example, if the database required by
your application becomes temporarily unavailable.  It is usually better to
stop the web application that relies on this database rather than letting
users continuously encounter database exceptions.</p>

<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
<source>
OK - Started application at context path /examples
</source>

<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>An exception was encountered trying to start the web application.
    Check the Tomcat 6 logs for the details.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
    must be a zero-length string.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
    that you specified.</p>  
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
    </blockquote></li>       
</ul>

</subsection>

<subsection name="Stop">

<p>Signal an existing application to make itself unavailable, but leave it
deployed.  Any request that comes in while an application is
stopped will see an HTTP error 404, and this application will show as
"stopped" on a list applications command.</p>
                             
<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
<source>
OK - Stopped application at context path /examples
</source>
                             
<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
<ul>                         
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>An exception was encountered trying to stop the web application.
    Check the Tomcat 6 logs for the details.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
    must be a zero-length string.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
    that you specified.</p>  
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
    </blockquote></li>       
</ul>

</subsection>

<subsection name="Reload">

<p>Signal an existing application to shut itself down and reload.  This can
be useful when the web application context is not reloadable and you have
updated classes or property files in the <code>/WEB-INF/classes</code>
directory or when you have added or updated jar files in the
<code>/WEB-INF/lib</code> directory.
</p>
<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> The <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code>
web application configuration file is not checked on a reload;
the previous web.xml configuration is used.
If you have made changes to your web.xml file you must stop
then start the web application.
</p>

<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
<source>
OK - Reloaded application at context path /examples
</source>

<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>An exception was encountered trying to restart the web application.
    Check the Tomcat 6 logs for the details.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
    must be a zero-length string.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
    that you specified.</p>  
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>Reload not supported on WAR deployed at path /foo</em>
    <blockquote>             
    Currently, application reloading (to pick up changes to the classes or
    <code>web.xml</code> file) is not supported when a web application is
    installed directly from a WAR file, which happens when the host is 
    configured to not unpack WAR files. As it only works when the web 
    application is installed from an unpacked directory, if you are using 
    a WAR file, you should <code>undeploy</code> and then <code>deploy</code> 
    the application again to pick up your changes.
    </blockquote></li>       
</ul>

</subsection>

<subsection name="Undeploy">

<p><strong><font color="red">WARNING</font> - This command will delete the
contents of the web application directory and/or ".war" file if it exists within
the <code>appBase</code> directory (typically "webapps") for this virtual host
</strong>.  The web application temporary work directory is also deleted.  If
you simply want to take an application out of service, you should use the
<code>/stop</code> command instead.</p>
                             
<p>Signal an existing application to gracefully shut itself down, and then
remove it from Tomcat (which also makes this context path available for
reuse later).  This command is the logical opposite of the
<code>/deploy</code> Ant command, and the related deploy features available 
in the HTML manager.</p>
                             
<p>If this command succeeds, you will see a Message like this:</p>
<source>
OK - Undeployed application at context path /examples
</source>
                             
<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
<ul>                         
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>An exception was encountered trying to undeploy the web application.
    Check the Tomcat logs for the details.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
    must be a zero-length string.</p>
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context exists for path /foo</em>
    <blockquote>             
    <p>There is no deployed application on the context path
    that you specified.</p>  
    </blockquote></li>       
<li><em>No context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>             
    The <code>path</code> parameter is required.
    </blockquote></li>       
</ul>

</subsection>

</section>

<section name="Deploy">

<p>Web applications can be deployed using files or directories located
on the Tomcat server or you can upload a web application archive (WAR)
file to the server.</p>

<p>To install an application, fill in the appropriate fields for the type
of install you want to do and then submit it using the <i>Install</i>
button.</p>

<subsection name="Deploy directory or WAR file located on server">

<p>Deploy and start a new web application, attached to the specified <i>Context
Path:</i> (which must not be in use by any other web application).
This command is the logical opposite of the <em>Undeploy</em> command.</p>

<p>There are a number of different ways the deploy command can be used.</p>

<subsection name="Deploy a Directory or WAR by URL">

<p>Install a web application directory or ".war" file located on the Tomcat
server. If no <i>Context Path</i> is specified, the directory name or the
war file name without the ".war" extension is used as the path. The
<i>WAR or Directory URL</i> specifies a URL (including the <code>file:</code>
scheme) for either a directory or a web application archive (WAR) file. The
supported syntax for a URL referring to a WAR file is described on the Javadocs
page for the <code>java.net.JarURLConnection</code> class.  Use only URLs that
refer to the entire WAR file.</p>

<p>In this example the web application located in the directory
<code>C:\path\to\foo</code> on the Tomcat server (running on Windows)
is deployed as the web application context named <code>/footoo</code>.</p>
<source>
Context Path: /footoo
WAR or Directory URL: file:C:/path/to/foo
</source>


<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>/path/to/bar.war</code> on the
Tomcat server (running on Unix) is deployed as the web application
context named <code>/bar</code>. Notice that there is no <code>path</code>
parameter so the context path defaults to the name of the web application
archive file without the ".war" extension.</p>
<source>
WAR or Directory URL: jar:file:/path/to/bar.war!/
</source>

</subsection>

<subsection name="Deploy a Directory or War from the Host appBase">

<p>Install a web application directory or ".war" file located in your Host
appBase directory. If no <i>Context Path</i> is specified the directory name
or the war file name without the ".war" extension is used as the path.</p>

<p>In this example the web application located in a subdirectory named
<code>foo</code> in the Host appBase directory of the Tomcat server is
deployed as the web application context named <code>/foo</code>. Notice
that there is no <code>path</code> parameter so the context path defaults
to the name of the web application directory.</p>
<source>
WAR or Directory URL: foo
</source>


<p>In this example the ".war" file <code>bar.war</code> located in your
Host appBase directory on the Tomcat server is deployed as the web
application context named <code>/bartoo</code>.</p>
<source>
Context Path: /bartoo
WAR or Directory URL: bar.war
</source>

</subsection>

<subsection name="Deploy using a Context configuration &quot;.xml&quot; file">

<p>If the Host deployXML flag is set to true, you can install a web
application using a Context configuration ".xml" file and an optional
".war" file or web application directory. The <i>Context Path</i>
is not used when installing a web application using a context ".xml"
configuration file.</p>

<p>A Context configuration ".xml" file can contain valid XML for a
web application Context just as if it were configured in your
Tomcat <code>server.xml</code> configuration file. Here is an
example for Tomcat running on Windows:</p>
<source>
&lt;Context path="/foobar" docBase="C:\path\to\application\foobar"&gt;

  &lt;!-- Link to the user database we will get roles from --&gt;
  &lt;ResourceLink name="users" global="UserDatabase"
                type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"/&gt;

&lt;/Context&gt;
</source>


<p>Use of the <i>WAR or Directory URL</i> is optional. When used
to select a web application ".war" file or directory it overrides any
docBase configured in the context configuration ".xml" file.</p>

<p>Here is an example of installing an application using a Context
configuration ".xml" file for Tomcat running on Windows.</p>
<source>
XML Configuration file URL: file:C:/path/to/context.xml
</source>


<p>Here is an example of installing an application using a Context
configuration ".xml" file and a web application ".war" file located
on the server (Tomcat running on Unix).</p>
<source>
XML Configuration file URL: file:/path/to/context.xml
WAR or Directory URL: jar:file:/path/to/bar.war!/
</source>

</subsection>
</subsection>

<subsection name="Upload a WAR file to install">

<p>Upload a WAR file from your local system and install it into the
appBase for your Host. The name of the WAR file without the ".war"
extension is used as the context path name.</p>

<p>Use the <i>Browse</i> button to select a WAR file to upload to the
server from your local desktop system.</p>

<p>The .WAR file may include Tomcat specific deployment configuration, by 
including a Context configuration XML file in 
<code>/META-INF/context.xml</code>.</p>

<p>Upload of a WAR file could fail for the following reasons:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>File uploaded must be a .war</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>The upload install will only accept files which have the filename
    extension of ".war".</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>War file already exists on server</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>If a war file of the same name already exists in your Host's
    appBase the upload will fail. Either undeploy the existing war file
    from your Host's appBase or upload the new war file using a different
    name.</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>File upload failed, no file</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>The file upload failed, no file was received by the server.</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>Install Upload Failed, Exception:</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>The war file upload or install failed with a Java Exception.
    The exception message will be listed.</p>
    </blockquote></li>
</ul>

</subsection>

<subsection name="Deployment Notes">

<p>If the Host is configured with unpackWARs=true and you install a war
file, the war will be unpacked into a directory in your Host appBase
directory.</p>

<p>If the application war or directory is deployed in your Host appBase
directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true or
liveDeploy=true, the Context path must match the directory name or
war file name without the ".war" extension.</p>

<p>For security when untrusted users can manage web applications, the
Host deployXML flag can be set to false.  This prevents untrusted users
from installing web applications using a configuration XML file and
also prevents them from installing application directories or ".war"
files located outside of their Host appBase.</p>

</subsection>

<subsection name="Deploy Message">

<p>If deployment and startup is successful, you will receive a Message
like this:</p>
<source>
OK - Deployed application at context path /foo
</source>

<p>Otherwise, the Message will start with <code>FAIL</code> and include an
error message.  Possible causes for problems include:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>Application already exists at path /foo</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>The context paths for all currently running web applications must be
    unique.  Therefore, you must either undeploy the existing web
    application using this context path, or choose a different context path
    for the new one.</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>Document base does not exist or is not a readable directory</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>The URL specified by the <i>WAR or Directory URL:</i> field must
    identify a directory on this server that contains the "unpacked" version
    of a web application, or the absolute URL of a web application archive
    (WAR) file that contains this application.  Correct the value entered for
    the <i>WAR or Directory URL:</i> field.</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>Encountered exception</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>An exception was encountered trying to start the new web application.
    Check the Tomcat 6 logs for the details, but likely explanations include
    problems parsing your <code>/WEB-INF/web.xml</code> file, or missing
    classes encountered when initializing application event listeners and
    filters.</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>Invalid application URL was specified</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>The URL for the <i>WAR or Directory URL:</i> field that you specified
    was not valid.  Such URLs must start with <code>file:</code>, and URLs
    for a WAR file must end in ".war".</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>Invalid context path was specified</em>
    <blockquote>
    <p>The context path must start with a slash character, unless you are
    referencing the ROOT web application -- in which case the context path
    must be a "/" string.</p>
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>Context path must match the directory or WAR file name:</em>
    <blockquote>
    If the application war or directory is deployed in your Host appBase
    directory and either the Host is configured with autoDeploy=true or
    liveDeploy=true, the Context path must match the directory name or
    war file name without the ".war" extension.
    </blockquote></li>
<li><em>Only web applications in the Host web application directory can
     be deployed</em>
     <blockquote>
     If the Host deployXML flag is set to false this error will happen
     if an attempt is made to install a web application directory or
      ".war" file outside of the Host appBase directory.
     </blockquote></li>
</ul>

</subsection>
</section>

<section name="Diagnostics">

<subsection name="Finding memory leaks">

<p><strong>The find leaks diagnostic triggers a full garbage collection. It
should be used with extreme caution on production systems.</strong></p>

<p>The find leaks diagnostic attempts to identify web applications that have
caused memory leaks when they were stopped, reloaded or undeployed. Results
should always be confirmed
with a profiler. The diagnostic uses additional functionality provided by the
StandardHost implementation. It will not work if a custom host is used that
does not extend StandardHost.</p>

<p>This diagnostic will list context paths for the web applications that were
stopped, reloaded or undeployed, but which classes from the previous runs
are still present in memory, thus being a memory leak. If an application
has been reloaded several times, it may be listed several times.</p>

<p>Explicitly triggering a full garbage collection from Java code is documented
to be unreliable. Furthermore, depending on the JVM used, there are options to
disable explicit GC triggering, like <code>-XX:+DisableExplicitGC</code>.
If you want to make sure, that the diagnostics were successfully running a full GC,
you will need to check using tools like GC logging, JConsole or similar.</p>

</subsection>
</section>

<section name="Server Information">

<p>This section displays information about Tomcat, the operating system of
the server Tomcat is hosted on, and the Java Virtual Machine Tomcat is
running in.</p>

</section>

</body>

</document>
