/*
 *  Copyright (C) 2002-2021  The DOSBox Team
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *  GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 *  with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 *  51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 */


#ifndef DOSBOX_PAGING_H
#define DOSBOX_PAGING_H

#include <exception>

#include "mem.h"

// disable this to reduce the size of the TLB
// NOTE: does not work with the dynamic core (dynrec is fine)
#define USE_FULL_TLB

class PageHandler;
class MEM_CalloutObject;

class PageDirectory;

typedef PageHandler* (MEM_CalloutHandler)(MEM_CalloutObject &co,Bitu phys_page);

void MEM_RegisterHandler(Bitu phys_page,PageHandler *handler,Bitu page_range=1);

void MEM_FreeHandler(Bitu phys_page,Bitu page_range=1);

void MEM_InvalidateCachedHandler(Bitu phys_page,Bitu range=1);

static const Bitu MEMMASK_ISA_20BIT = 0x000000FFU; /* ISA 20-bit decode (20 - 12 = 8) */
static const Bitu MEMMASK_ISA_24BIT = 0x00000FFFU; /* ISA 24-bit decode (24 - 12 = 12) */
static const Bitu MEMMASK_FULL      = 0x000FFFFFU; /* full 32-bit decode (32 - 12 = 20) */

/* WARNING: Will only produce a correct result if 'x' is a nonzero power of two.
 * For use with MEMMASK_Combine. 'x' is in units of PAGES not BYTES.
 */
static inline Bitu MEMMASK_Range(const Bitu x) {
    return ~(x - 1);
}

/* combine range mask with MEMMASK value.
 */
static inline Bitu MEMMASK_Combine(const Bitu a,const Bitu b) {
    return a & b;
}

#define MEM_PAGE_SIZE	(4096)
#define XMS_START		(0x110)

#if defined(USE_FULL_TLB)
#define TLB_SIZE		(1024*1024)
#else
#define TLB_SIZE		65536	// This must a power of 2 and greater than LINK_START
#define BANK_SHIFT		28
#define BANK_MASK		0xffff // always the same as TLB_SIZE-1?
#define TLB_BANKS		((1024*1024/TLB_SIZE)-1)
#endif

#define PFLAG_READABLE		0x1u
#define PFLAG_WRITEABLE		0x2u
#define PFLAG_HASROM		0x4u
#define PFLAG_HASCODE32		0x8u			//Page contains dynamic code
#define PFLAG_NOCODE		0x10u			//No dynamic code can be generated here
#define PFLAG_INIT			0x20u			//No dynamic code can be generated here
#define PFLAG_HASCODE16		0x40u			//Page contains 16-bit dynamic code
#define PFLAG_HASCODE		(PFLAG_HASCODE32|PFLAG_HASCODE16)

#define LINK_START	((1024+64)/4)			//Start right after the HMA

//Allow 128 mb of memory to be linked
#define PAGING_LINKS (128*1024/4)

class PageHandler {
public:
	PageHandler(Bitu flg) : flags(flg) {}
	virtual ~PageHandler(void) { }
	virtual uint8_t readb(PhysPt addr);
	virtual uint16_t readw(PhysPt addr);
	virtual uint32_t readd(PhysPt addr);
	virtual void writeb(PhysPt addr,uint8_t val);
	virtual void writew(PhysPt addr,uint16_t val);
	virtual void writed(PhysPt addr,uint32_t val);
	virtual HostPt GetHostReadPt(Bitu phys_page);
	virtual HostPt GetHostWritePt(Bitu phys_page);
	virtual bool readb_checked(PhysPt addr,uint8_t * val);
	virtual bool readw_checked(PhysPt addr,uint16_t * val);
	virtual bool readd_checked(PhysPt addr,uint32_t * val);
	virtual bool writeb_checked(PhysPt addr,uint8_t val);
	virtual bool writew_checked(PhysPt addr,uint16_t val);
	virtual bool writed_checked(PhysPt addr,uint32_t val);

#if 0//ENABLE IF PORTING ADDITIONAL CODE WRITTEN AGAINST THE OLDER PAGE HANDLER readb/writeb PROTYPE.
    // DEPRECATED. THIS IS HERE TO MAKE ANY DERIVED CLASS NOT YET UPDATED BLOW UP WITH A COMPILER ERROR.
    // FIXME: DOES VISUAL STUDIO 2017 HAVE ANY PROBLEMS WITH THIS? CLANG/LLVM?
	virtual void writeb(PhysPt addr,Bitu val) final = delete;
	virtual void writew(PhysPt addr,Bitu val) final = delete;
	virtual void writed(PhysPt addr,Bitu val) final = delete;
	virtual void writeb_checked(PhysPt addr,Bitu val) final = delete;
	virtual void writew_checked(PhysPt addr,Bitu val) final = delete;
	virtual void writed_checked(PhysPt addr,Bitu val) final = delete;
#endif

    PageHandler(void) : flags(0) { }
	Bitu flags; 
	Bitu getFlags() const {
		return flags;
	}
	void setFlags(const Bitu flagsNew) {
		flags = flagsNew;
	}

private:
	PageHandler(const PageHandler&);

};

/* NTS: To explain the Install() method, the caller not only provides the IOMASK_.. value, but ANDs
 *      the least significant bits to define the range of I/O ports to respond to. An ISA Sound Blaster
 *      for example would set portmask = (IOMASK_ISA_10BIT & (~0xF)) in order to respond to 220h-22Fh,
 *      240h-24Fh, etc. At I/O callout time, the callout object is tested
 *      if (cpu_ioport & io_mask) == (m_port & io_mask)
 *
 *      This does not prevent emulation of devices that start on non-aligned ports or strange port ranges,
 *      because the callout handler is free to decline the I/O request, leading the callout process to
 *      move on to the next device or mark the I/O port as empty. */
class MEM_CalloutObject {
public:
    MEM_CalloutObject() {};
    void InvalidateCachedHandlers(void);
	void Install(Bitu page,Bitu pagemask/*MEMMASK_ISA_24BIT, etc.*/,MEM_CalloutHandler *handler);
	void Uninstall();
public:
	bool installed = false;
    Bitu mem_mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    Bitu range_mask = 0;
    Bitu alias_mask = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    unsigned int getcounter = 0;
    MEM_CalloutHandler *m_handler = NULL;
	Bitu m_base = 0;
    bool alloc = false;
public:
    inline bool MatchPage(const Bitu p) {
        /* (p & io_mask) == (m_port & io_mask) but this also works.
         * apparently modern x86 processors are faster at addition/subtraction than bitmasking.
         * for this to work, m_port must be a multiple of the I/O range. For example, if the I/O
         * range is 16 ports, then m_port must be a multiple of 16. */
        return ((p - m_base) & mem_mask) == 0;
    }
    inline bool isInstalled(void) {
        return installed;
    }
};

enum MEM_Type_t {
    MEM_TYPE_NONE=0,
    MEM_TYPE_MIN=1,
    MEM_TYPE_ISA=1,
    MEM_TYPE_PCI,
    MEM_TYPE_MB,

    MEM_TYPE_MAX
};

void MEM_InitCallouts(void);

typedef uint32_t MEM_Callout_t;

static inline uint32_t MEM_Callout_t_comb(const enum MEM_Type_t t,const uint32_t idx) {
    return ((uint32_t)t << (uint32_t)28) + idx;
}

static inline enum MEM_Type_t MEM_Callout_t_type(const MEM_Callout_t t) {
    return (enum MEM_Type_t)(t >> 28);
}

static inline uint32_t MEM_Callout_t_index(const MEM_Callout_t t) {
    return t & (((uint32_t)1 << (uint32_t)28) - (uint32_t)1);
}

static const MEM_Callout_t MEM_Callout_t_none = (MEM_Callout_t)0;

MEM_Callout_t MEM_AllocateCallout(MEM_Type_t t);
void MEM_FreeCallout(MEM_Callout_t c);
MEM_CalloutObject *MEM_GetCallout(MEM_Callout_t c);
void MEM_PutCallout(MEM_CalloutObject *obj);

/* Some other functions */
void PAGING_Enable(bool enabled);
bool PAGING_Enabled(void);
void PAGING_SetWP(bool wp);
void PAGING_SwitchCPL(bool isUser);

Bitu PAGING_GetDirBase(void);
void PAGING_SetDirBase(Bitu cr3);
void PAGING_InitTLB(void);
void PAGING_ClearTLB(void);

void PAGING_LinkPage(Bitu lin_page,Bitu phys_page);
void PAGING_LinkPage_ReadOnly(Bitu lin_page,Bitu phys_page);
void PAGING_UnlinkPages(Bitu lin_page,Bitu pages);
/* This maps the page directly, only use when paging is disabled */
void PAGING_MapPage(Bitu lin_page,Bitu phys_page);
bool PAGING_MakePhysPage(Bitu & page);

void MEM_SetLFB(Bitu page, Bitu pages, PageHandler *handler, PageHandler *mmiohandler);
void MEM_SetPageHandler(Bitu phys_page, Bitu pages, PageHandler * handler);


#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma pack (1)
#endif
struct X86_PageEntryBlock{
#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
	uint32_t		base:20;
	uint32_t		avl:3;
	uint32_t		g:1;
	uint32_t		pat:1;
	uint32_t		d:1;
	uint32_t		a:1;
	uint32_t		pcd:1;
	uint32_t		pwt:1;
	uint32_t		us:1;
	uint32_t		wr:1;
	uint32_t		p:1;
#else
	uint32_t		p:1;
	uint32_t		wr:1;
	uint32_t		us:1;
	uint32_t		pwt:1;
	uint32_t		pcd:1;
	uint32_t		a:1;
	uint32_t		d:1;
	uint32_t		pat:1;
	uint32_t		g:1;
	uint32_t		avl:3;
	uint32_t		base:20;
#endif
} GCC_ATTRIBUTE(packed);
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma pack ()
#endif


union X86PageEntry {
	uint32_t load;
	X86_PageEntryBlock block;
};

#if !defined(USE_FULL_TLB)
typedef struct {
	HostPt read;
	HostPt write;
	PageHandler * readhandler;
	PageHandler * writehandler;
	uint32_t phys_page;
} tlb_entry;
#endif

struct PagingBlock {
	Bitu			cr3;
	Bitu			cr2;
	bool wp;
	struct {
		Bitu page;
		PhysPt addr;
	} base;
#if defined(USE_FULL_TLB)
	struct {
		HostPt read[TLB_SIZE];
		HostPt write[TLB_SIZE];
		PageHandler * readhandler[TLB_SIZE];
		PageHandler * writehandler[TLB_SIZE];
		uint32_t	phys_page[TLB_SIZE];
	} tlb;
#else
	tlb_entry tlbh[TLB_SIZE];
	tlb_entry *tlbh_banks[TLB_BANKS];
#endif
	struct {
		Bitu used;
		uint32_t entries[PAGING_LINKS];
	} links;
	struct {
		Bitu used;
		uint32_t entries[PAGING_LINKS];
	} ur_links;
	struct {
		Bitu used;
		uint32_t entries[PAGING_LINKS];
	} krw_links;
	struct {
		Bitu used;
		uint32_t entries[PAGING_LINKS];
	} kr_links; // WP-only
	uint32_t		firstmb[LINK_START];
	bool		enabled;
};

extern PagingBlock paging; 

/* Some support functions */

PageHandler * MEM_GetPageHandler(const Bitu phys_page);


/* Unaligned address handlers */
uint16_t mem_unalignedreadw(const PhysPt address);
uint32_t mem_unalignedreadd(const PhysPt address);
void mem_unalignedwritew(const PhysPt address,const uint16_t val);
void mem_unalignedwrited(const PhysPt address,const uint32_t val);

bool mem_unalignedreadw_checked(const PhysPt address,uint16_t * const val);
bool mem_unalignedreadd_checked(const PhysPt address,uint32_t * const val);
bool mem_unalignedwritew_checked(const PhysPt address,uint16_t const val);
bool mem_unalignedwrited_checked(const PhysPt address,uint32_t const val);

#if defined(USE_FULL_TLB)

static INLINE HostPt get_tlb_read(const PhysPt address) {
	return paging.tlb.read[address>>12];
}
static INLINE HostPt get_tlb_write(const PhysPt address) {
	return paging.tlb.write[address>>12];
}
static INLINE PageHandler* get_tlb_readhandler(const PhysPt address) {
	return paging.tlb.readhandler[address>>12];
}
static INLINE PageHandler* get_tlb_writehandler(const PhysPt address) {
	return paging.tlb.writehandler[address>>12];
}

/* Use these helper functions to access linear addresses in readX/writeX functions */
static INLINE PhysPt PAGING_GetPhysicalPage(const PhysPt linePage) {
	return (paging.tlb.phys_page[linePage>>12]<<12);
}

static INLINE PhysPt PAGING_GetPhysicalAddress(const PhysPt linAddr) {
	return (paging.tlb.phys_page[linAddr>>12]<<12)|(linAddr&0xfff);
}

#else

void PAGING_InitTLBBank(tlb_entry **bank);

static INLINE tlb_entry *get_tlb_entry(const PhysPt address) {
	const Bitu index=(address >> 12U);
	if (TLB_BANKS && (index >= TLB_SIZE)) {
		const Bitu bank=(address >> BANK_SHIFT) - 1U;
		if (!paging.tlbh_banks[bank])
			PAGING_InitTLBBank(&paging.tlbh_banks[bank]);
		return &paging.tlbh_banks[bank][index & BANK_MASK];
	}
	return &paging.tlbh[index];
}

static INLINE HostPt get_tlb_read(const PhysPt address) {
	return get_tlb_entry(address)->read;
}
static INLINE HostPt get_tlb_write(const PhysPt address) {
	return get_tlb_entry(address)->write;
}
static INLINE PageHandler* get_tlb_readhandler(const PhysPt address) {
	return get_tlb_entry(address)->readhandler;
}
static INLINE PageHandler* get_tlb_writehandler(const PhysPt address) {
	return get_tlb_entry(address)->writehandler;
}

/* Use these helper functions to access linear addresses in readX/writeX functions */
static INLINE PhysPt PAGING_GetPhysicalPage(const PhysPt linePage) {
	tlb_entry *entry = get_tlb_entry(linePage);
	return (entry->phys_page<<12);
}

static INLINE PhysPt PAGING_GetPhysicalAddress(const PhysPt linAddr) {
	tlb_entry *entry = get_tlb_entry(linAddr);
	return (entry->phys_page<<12)|(linAddr&0xfff);
}
#endif

/* Special inlined memory reading/writing */

static INLINE uint8_t mem_readb_inline(const PhysPt address) {
	const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_read(address);
	if (tlb_addr) return host_readb(tlb_addr+address);
	else return (uint8_t)(get_tlb_readhandler(address))->readb(address);
}

static INLINE uint16_t mem_readw_inline(const PhysPt address) {
	if ((address & 0xfff)<0xfff) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_read(address);
		if (tlb_addr) return host_readw(tlb_addr+address);
		else return (uint16_t)(get_tlb_readhandler(address))->readw(address);
	} else return mem_unalignedreadw(address);
}

static INLINE uint32_t mem_readd_inline(const PhysPt address) {
	if ((address & 0xfff)<0xffd) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_read(address);
		if (tlb_addr) return host_readd(tlb_addr+address);
		else return (uint32_t)(get_tlb_readhandler(address))->readd(address);
	} else return mem_unalignedreadd(address);
}

static INLINE void mem_writeb_inline(const PhysPt address,const uint8_t val) {
	const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_write(address);
	if (tlb_addr) host_writeb(tlb_addr+address,val);
	else (get_tlb_writehandler(address))->writeb(address,val);
}

static INLINE void mem_writew_inline(const PhysPt address,const uint16_t val) {
	if ((address & 0xfffu)<0xfffu) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_write(address);
		if (tlb_addr) host_writew(tlb_addr+address,val);
		else (get_tlb_writehandler(address))->writew(address,val);
	} else mem_unalignedwritew(address,val);
}

static INLINE void mem_writed_inline(const PhysPt address,const uint32_t val) {
	if ((address & 0xfffu)<0xffdu) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_write(address);
		if (tlb_addr) host_writed(tlb_addr+address,val);
		else (get_tlb_writehandler(address))->writed(address,val);
	} else mem_unalignedwrited(address,val);
}


static INLINE bool mem_readb_checked(const PhysPt address, uint8_t * const val) {
	const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_read(address);
	if (tlb_addr) {
		*val=host_readb(tlb_addr+address);
		return false;
	} else return (get_tlb_readhandler(address))->readb_checked(address, val);
}

static INLINE bool mem_readw_checked(const PhysPt address, uint16_t * const val) {
	if ((address & 0xfffu)<0xfffu) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_read(address);
		if (tlb_addr) {
			*val=host_readw(tlb_addr+address);
			return false;
		} else return (get_tlb_readhandler(address))->readw_checked(address, val);
	} else return mem_unalignedreadw_checked(address, val);
}

static INLINE bool mem_readd_checked(const PhysPt address, uint32_t * const val) {
	if ((address & 0xfffu)<0xffdu) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_read(address);
		if (tlb_addr) {
			*val=host_readd(tlb_addr+address);
			return false;
		} else return (get_tlb_readhandler(address))->readd_checked(address, val);
	} else return mem_unalignedreadd_checked(address, val);
}

static INLINE bool mem_writeb_checked(const PhysPt address,const uint8_t val) {
	const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_write(address);
	if (tlb_addr) {
		host_writeb(tlb_addr+address,val);
		return false;
	} else return (get_tlb_writehandler(address))->writeb_checked(address,val);
}

static INLINE bool mem_writew_checked(const PhysPt address,const uint16_t val) {
	if ((address & 0xfffu)<0xfffu) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_write(address);
		if (tlb_addr) {
			host_writew(tlb_addr+address,val);
			return false;
		} else return (get_tlb_writehandler(address))->writew_checked(address,val);
	} else return mem_unalignedwritew_checked(address,val);
}

static INLINE bool mem_writed_checked(const PhysPt address,const uint32_t val) {
	if ((address & 0xfffu)<0xffdu) {
		const HostPt tlb_addr=get_tlb_write(address);
		if (tlb_addr) {
			host_writed(tlb_addr+address,val);
			return false;
		} else return (get_tlb_writehandler(address))->writed_checked(address,val);
	} else return mem_unalignedwrited_checked(address,val);
}

extern bool dosbox_allow_nonrecursive_page_fault;	/* when set, do nonrecursive mode (when executing instruction) */

class GuestPageFaultException : public std::exception {
public:
	virtual const char *what() const throw() {
		return "Guest page fault exception";
	}
	GuestPageFaultException(PhysPt n_lin_addr, Bitu n_page_addr, Bitu n_faultcode) : lin_addr(n_lin_addr), page_addr(n_page_addr), faultcode(n_faultcode) {
	}
public:
	PhysPt lin_addr;
	Bitu page_addr;
	Bitu faultcode;
};

class GuestGenFaultException : public std::exception {
public:
	virtual const char *what() const throw() {
		return "Guest general protection fault exception";
	}
	GuestGenFaultException() {
	}
};

#endif
